| 词汇 | example_english_bargaining-power |
| 释义 | Examples of bargaining powerThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. For all members of the coalition, there is the potential of a gain in aggregate bargainingpower, influence, and collective good production. In that case, an increase in country l's bargainingpower will enlarge the total gains. Variations in enforcement also seem to reflect local bargainingpower. However, this paper has shown that some types of employer are able to offer better working conditions than others, despite enjoying similar bargainingpower. Second, countries with different elasticities of substitution or union bargainingpower may have considerably different stability properties of the equilibrium. Local politicians use their bargainingpower to produce favourable decisions from central, federal or state governments. In such cases, electoral rules affect the strength of legislative parties and their bargainingpower in dealings with the president. Second, most poor countries lacked the bargainingpower needed to resist the imposition. The answer is simple: the president's bargainingpower. Their bargainingpower was even increased by the late colonial and post-independence governments' keen interest in the rapid expansion of education. A dummy for the existence of buyer alternatives is used to capture seller bargainingpower. Those factors influence the negotiation situation, its course and its outcome, insofar as they co-determine the bargaining space and the bargainingpower of the parties. The more attractive the outside options, the easier it is to forego further negotiation and therefore the greater the bargainingpower. In some cases, having been identified weakens one's negotiation position and bargainingpower. Bargainingpower is ultimately the capacity credibly to threaten disruption of the centre's priorities - whether economic or political. Rural workers feel that they have no bargainingpower. Some of them expressed envy of factory workers, whom they believed have far greater strength and bargainingpower. By not allowing any one farmer to gain a large amount of contiguous land, the village avoided creating a situation of asymmetric bargainingpower. This situation created ample opportunities for the landowner to exploit his strong bargainingpower. Rather than endowing regions with greater bargainingpower, large population seemed to work against a region's fiscal interests. The key point is that trade liberalization can affect the bargainingpower of countries in negotiations over global pollution. Country 1 is, however, compensated according to its bargainingpower. Granting an injunction gives the plaintiff additional bargainingpower. Thus, this simple analysis suggests that tax effort depends on the relative ' bargainingpower ' between the elected councillors and the management of the council. The ability to give or withhold the cooperation of workers in these strategic sectors could translate into real bargainingpower. Successful labor leaders in both nations primarily concerned themselves with strengthening their economic bargainingpower. The parameters analysed are: bargainingpower, heterogeneity (between and within group) and changes to the issue space. The results of the estimation show that skilled workers' unions have a higher bargainingpower than unskilled workers' ones. Individual members can then use their bargainingpower against the leadership to get benefits so long as the threat to defect is credible. The arguments and observations supporting this proposition focus on the stakeholders involved in tax collection, and their relative bargainingpower. The parties compete for movement support to increase their bargainingpower. This assumption would overstate the bargainingpower of firms, therefore overstating the losses that workers are likely to suffer. Their relative bargainingpower on prices to be received in the future from bigger holders of capital was small. The lack of group strength also meant weaker bargainingpower against truck-paying employers. In order to examine a potential systematic change in the relative bargainingpower of the institutional actors, we also added a time trend (month) to the mean function. Weavers frequently lacked the bargainingpower in the yarn or cloth markets necessary to buy or sell on their own in these markets without considerable losses. I have also learned that signing a contract, moving across country, and beginning to draw a salary and to enjoy fringe benefits nearly extinguish an employee's bargainingpower. Improvements in general dental health for exogenous reasons have weakened the bargainingpower of this position. It gives individual subsistence fishers little bargainingpower with the landowners. After all, having won a battle will increase one's bargainingpower in the next conflict. Other things being equal, the equilibrium rates of wage and price inflation will vary directly with the bargainingpower of workers. Political influence and bargainingpower was not the same as political power or community control and, particularly pertinently, the ghetto lacked control of the police force. To so assume is to assume that everything, including particular tastes and degrees of bargainingpower, is morally significant. One possible explanation is that the seller's educational level may capture his social status, which may be associated with his bargainingpower. Thus, the relative utility derived in case of no agreement (players' default strength) is also an important source of bargainingpower. This would negatively affect the already limited bargainingpower of the umutindi category in wage negotiations. 24. It also gave them sufficient bargainingpower to negotiate a series of constitutional reforms in mid-1989, which although modest, nonetheless represented an important advance. Even if the party cannot win a majority, every extra vote has the potential to translate into seats giving a party useful bargainingpower over coalition arrangements. Thus, there is no empirical evidence that one of the institutional actors could increase its bargainingpower during the period under investigation. That is, patient flows observed ex post cannot be directly translated into insurers' ex ante bargainingpower. It threatens the idea of a legal system based on principle rather than relative bargainingpower. She argues that the centre's strategy in any particular region is highly sensitive to the internal configuration of rural interests, resources and bargainingpower. Finally, even if governments do not use environmental policy as a substitute for trade policy, trade liberalization can affect the bargainingpower of countries in negotiations over global pollution. It appeared as if ' refugee exchange ' became the cornerstone of the foreign policy of each, variously employed to increase one's bargainingpower in inter-state relations. Increased substitutability of labour across national labour markets further depresses labour bargainingpower. In reality, this is a question of bargainingpower. Existing research on two-level games has not only explored the impact of domestic constraints on international relations, but also the impact of domestic factors on bargainingpower in world politics. According to this strategy, efforts to increase the organisational capacity, bargainingpower and income share of labour through state-enforced labour standards pose an inherent threat to accumulation and economic efficiency. The power to hurt is bargainingpower. This concern tends to suggest that he was addressing the inequalities of bargainingpower as between a successful stockbroker and a disabled and unemployed hospital porter. It will also be externally weak, because it will be incapable of having any bargainingpower with consumer countries. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Unemployment was really caused to reduce imports, to reduce the bargainingpower of the trade unions and to get redeployment. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The workman has an absolute right to use his bargainingpower against his employer either singly or in combination. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Their economic bargainingpower has weakened and it will weaken further as the years roll on. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The bargainingpower between landlord and tenant is usually unequal, and it needs to be remedied by law. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 But unless we have got bargainingpower behind us, representations by themselves are no good. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is a remarkable bargainingpower among the organised workers which they have voluntarily withheld from bringing into effect. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The second was to establish a fair balance of bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Is not this a good example of the great advantage to this country of having bargainingpower when dealing with other countries? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is a service where inequality of bargainingpower is a feature, as it is in many other services. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The concept of "would be at a substantial disadvantage in bargainingpower" is not easy to translate into practical application. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is no field in which there is less justification for using public money than long strikes by big unions with organised bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Whole sections of our society have had to make do with whatever is left when those with greater strength have finished exerting their bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We must always aim for a surplus if the community and the nation are to have bargainingpower in the world markets. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Do we want to cut trade union bargainingpower? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Is it that he knows that these people have real bargainingpower only when there is a war on? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The idea is to depress wages more and more to ensure that the trade unions' bargainingpower is weakened ever more. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The bargainingpower of the unions was weakened, and is to be further weakened, by legislative action. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We must use our bargainingpower to the limit, but there will always be a differentiation of rates. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 This bargainingpower of ours has apparently not been used at all. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It reduces substantially the bargainingpower of tenants. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Obviously, the thought behind that is not likely to be between two persons of equal bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If the country and the industry adopted this principle it would give us bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is also monopoly trade union bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 That does not show very great bargainingpower in our favour. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Socially, we are dominated by the basic contradiction between the increase in the bargainingpower of the working class and the distribution of incomes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We are not only giving a widow resources, but we are giving her a bargainingpower; we are giving her something to bargain with. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 At the moment, they have no bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He possesses no bargainingpower of sufficient weight to compel. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Cases have shown that, however unreasonable it was, however small the print and however unequal the bargainingpower, the seller could exempt himself from liability. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Their fathers have little bargainingpower, because they belong mostly to unions with limited opportunities for bargaining. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Now is the time when the collective bargainingpower of the consumers must be looked after. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He spoke also with regard to bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Then we will have some real bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As always, they are those least able to protect themselves, those who lack the bargainingpower of the big trade unions. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We have sought to restore a proper balance of bargainingpower between trade unions and employers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It was a measure designed to increase the efficiency of agricultural marketing and to give farmers greater bargainingpower. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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