| 词汇 | example_english_antagonist |
| 释义 | Examples of antagonistThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Screening of gap junction antagonists on dye coupling in the rabbit retina block store-operated calcium channels. Extracellular recordings of retinal ganglion cells were made in intact ever ted eyecup preparations and nicotinic agonists and antagonists were added to the super fusate. Screening of gap junction antagonists on dye coupling in the rabbit retina 1998!. The results obtained using adrenergic agonists and antagonists suggest that the effect of adrenaline would be due to an interaction with 2-receptors. He described real antagonists on the occasion in detail. Pregnancy increases hormonal antagonists and insulin therapy may be required. The theoretical benefits of calcium antagonists over thiazides have not been realized in practice. Competitive antagonists of opioid receptors exert their effects inside and outside of the central nervous system. Opioid antagonists have been studied in the management of opioid-induced constipation. To investigate whether heterosynaptic or hormonal events are involved in emotional and cognitive reinforcement, we applied antagonists of receptors of different neurotransmitters and of corticosterone. The u s e of specific receptor antagonists (either peptides or chemical drugs) could prove to be useful for this purpose. At that stage, the therapeutic drama involved two pairs of contrasting metaphors, viewed as cultural antagonists. Nature and education were thus sometimes paired as antagonists in eighteenthcentury writings, but they were also sometimes yoked together. To confirm this suggestion, selective antagonists were employed. However, such as scheme would imply that inactive analogs would act as antagonists. The effects of cholinergic antagonists and other cholinergic agents can without question be attributed to their effects on starburstcholinergic amacrine cells. The charge transfers during the action of the agonist and the different antagonists were normalized to the control values and compared. Effects of cannabinoid receptor stimulation and blockade on catalepsy produced by dopamine receptor antagonists. Comparisons of antagonists were generated by comparing effects of various concentrations of antagonists against fixed concentrations of glycine. The indubitable effects of nicotinic antagonists on control responses were observed only in two of these experiments. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can act by selectively binding to hormone receptors to generate (agonists) or block (antagonists) hormone-mediated responses. When antagonists were used, these were co-applied with the agonists and ejected from the same barrel. Experiments using adrenergic agonists and antagonists allowed us to determine that the metabolic effect of adrenaline is caused by interaction with 2-receptors. Serotonin antagonists produce behavioral deficits resembling those seen following inescapable shock. We found that embryos cultured in the presence of folate antagonists such as 5-fluorouracil and cycloleucine have a deranged suppression test, as predicted. Since each of the competitors in (59) incurs a violation of one of the antagonists, they are designated co-winners. Probably, the responses resistant to these antagonists could correspond to the nontypical nicotine-induced ion currents. Conceptually, these experiments are difficult to per form using pharmacological approaches because bath-applied inhibitory antagonists will affect many sites of inhibitory action in the retina. She is better equipped to see where the dialogue between antagonists ends and war begins. As a matter of fact, however, no tie exists between two real antagonists. There has been much debate as to the potential effect of calcium antagonists on morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. The management of coexisting depression in patients with dementia: potential of calcium channels antagonists. Other studies of angiotensin antagonists in patients with heart failure have had variable results. Differential effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists on bursting activity in the amygdala. We found no evidence that any of the inactive analogs acted as antagonists. To test if the potential gap junction antagonists are effective on different connexins, we tested their effects on coupling in different neural networks. In the presence of antagonists for fast neurotransmitter receptors, distinct populations of neurons exhibited spontaneous, uncorrelated increases in intracellular calcium concentration. The action of epibatidine on dopamine release was unaffected by glutamate antagonists but was blocked by picrotoxin and gabazine. We also tested antagonists of the putative retinal transmitters, adenosine, nociceptin, and serotonin. In all cases, bath application of antagonists was used. In this paper, we used dye coupling in several retinal networks as a tool to evaluate a series of potential gap junction antagonists. Rather, they appear to be relatively general channel antagonists. The drugs can be either partial chemokines or small peptides that behave as receptor antagonists or agonists. Complete recovery of responses after removal of agonists or antagonists was rarely seen in our experiments. Therefore, we made intracellular recordings with sharp electrodes from identified cells and perfused the retina with cholinergic agonists or antagonists. We tested the ability of neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists to modify the responses to light stimuli. To differentiate between these receptor subtypes, more selective glutamate agonists and antagonists were used. Therefore, a considerable number of glucagon antagonists and agonists have been designed as potential treatments for diabetes. Clearly, there remain significant drawbacks to the systemic use of cytokines or their antagonists. An alternative approach is to use antagonists to pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pruritis of cholestasis: from bile acids to opiate antagonists. Developing antagonists of these receptors might lead to new therapies. Systemically administered opioid antagonists have a role in reversing opioid toxicity as well as countering side effects. After completion of testing, the application of antagonists and cobalt were stopped and the cell was given time to recover. The effect of biogenic monoamine antagonists on the development of preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro. The ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists reduced these currents by 64%. All antagonists blocked coupling in several different neuronal networks. The success of muscarinic antagonists in blocking form-deprivation myopia has implicated retinal acetylcholine in the control of ocular growth. As mentioned earlier there are 3 basic methods for the investigation of receptors, pharmacological profile in terms of agonists and antagonists, transduction mechanisms and molecular biology. The use of quaternary narcotic antagonists in opiate research. Not only are the main therapies explained and their evidence critically reviewed but also less common treatments have been included such as ondansetron and dopamine antagonists. Part of the background of this thought is that a manifestation of pain incurs a risk because it can give a cue to antagonists to press their advantage. Calcium-channel antagonists, such as cinnarizine and cyclizine, have vestibular suppressant effects, although both drugs may have extrapyramidal side-effects, and should be used with caution in older patients. Adverse reactions to calcium antagonists. The role of serotonin blockade in the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced emesis is wellestablished clinically through the serotonin receptor antagonists, which include ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, and tropisetron (14;28). Effects of dopamine antagonists on receptive fields of brisk cells and directionally selective cells in the rabbit retina. Effects of pethidine and its antagonists on the newborn. Tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines and 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists inhibit 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction, thereby exacerbating the age-related decrease in responsiveness which is found in this system. Preclinical studies of opioids and opioid antagonists on gastrointestinal function. Thus, inhibition of glutamate uptake in isolated oligodendrocytes in vitro and in the optic nerve in vivo, is sufficient to trigger cell death which is prevented by glutamate receptor antagonists. The neurobehavioral areas most frequently studied are (a) locomotor behavior in open field exploration and responses to monoaminergic agonists and antagonists, (b) attention and conditioned learning, and (c) stress reactivity. The effect of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on ganglion cells in the mudpuppy retina. The interaction of agonists and noncompetitive antagonists at the excitatory amino acid receptors in rat retinal ganglion cells in vitro. Thus, the site became a magnet of adversity between political and economic antagonists and yields evidence of having been razed several times between the four th and thirteenth centuries. 59 the effects of appropriate antagonists on the resting release of dopamine, reasoning that antagonism of a tonically released inhibitory transmitter would increase the resting release. Effects of nicotinic antagonists on ocular growth and experimental myopia. We were unable to consistently obtain stable recordings from spontaneously active retinal neurons that displayed calcium transients in the presence of the cocktail of neurotransmitter antagonists. Effect of melatonin agonists and antagonists on horizontal cell spinule formation and dopamine release in a fish retina. All of these mechanisms are promising points of cancer intervention, and preclinical mouse models suggest that chemokine antagonists and agonists could become important in the development of new anticancer therapies. Design and synthesis of glucagon par tial agonists and antagonists. The individual in pain might gain both by amplifying pain expression better to convey need to allies, and by suppressing pain expression to hide vulnerability in the presence of antagonists. A first thing to note is that it is question begging to assume at the outset that the two antagonists in this scenario do agree on all non-normative facts. Interestingly, opioid antagonists also lose their stereoselectivity. Analysis of calmodulin acceptor proteins and the influence of calmodulin antagonists on human spermatozoa. Co-medications that are thyroid hormone antagonists may also be risk factors. The binding sites of the three antagonists tested differ with respect to this binding loop. The dopamine hypothesis was ascendant in the 1970s based on the effects of the first generation of antipsychotic medications, which were all dopamine antagonists. In some cases, these responses can be prevented by cytokine antagonists. The power of anticommunism to unify antagonists had definite and rather constricted limits. We found that antagonists to these transmitters had no effect on the resting release of dopamine. Based on accelerated kinetics produced by these antagonists, they also conclude that third-order neurons contribute to the b-wave. Agonists and antagonists were applied as a stock solution diluted in the extracellular solution. By calculating the diffusion coefficient, different gap junction antagonists can be compared. Because these cell types express different connexins, this suggests that the antagonists were relatively non-selective across several different types of gap junction. The effects of serotonin or its antagonists on postimplantation embryo development are well documented. The most renowned of epic heroes, the mighty figures of mythology, find their antagonists at home, in their own wives. Selective corticosteroid antagonists modulate specific aspects of spatial orientation learning. The medications included in the angina resource use profile include aspirin, calcium antagonists, beta blockers, nitrates, angiotensin converting inhibitors and statins. Peripheral alpha-1 antagonists were associated with perturbations in neurohormonal levels in various studies. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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