| 词汇 | example_english_amphibian |
| 释义 | Examples of amphibianThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. I begin with the so-called lower vertebrates - the classes that evolved earlier and seem generally less complex - fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Thus, basal ganglia receive a major input from the dorsal thalamus, as in amphibians. Studies of the voltage-dependent polyspermy block using cross-species fertilization of amphibians. Caecilians are unique among the amphibians in several aspects of reproductive anatomy, physiology and behavior. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. In former times they were important forspawningof various now rare and protected amphibians. The region has high levels of endemism of many taxa, including reptiles and amphibians. Invertebrates, plants, micromammals, fish and even amphibians are briefly discussed. In fact, the scope of the volume reaches even wider, as it closes with a section on stem tetrapods and fossil amphibians. Accordingly, there is a fast growing body of literature on the effects of oestrogen-like chemicals on gonad development in amphibians and fish from laboratory investigations. The small dorsal pallium in amphibians is likely to be homologous to the dorsal cortex of reptiles and the hyperpallium of birds. The present study showed that the availability of the major prey types (amphibians and fish) increased during the wet season. How many times has terrestrial breeding evolved in anuran amphibians? Investigations of the whole process of fertilisation in the newt may lead to an understanding of adaptation to the fertilisation mode in amphibians. In amphibians, oocytes increase in volume during oogenesis. A vomeronasal nerve and system is present in amphibians and most amniotes, whereas in amniotes the lateral line nerves are lost completely. The initiation of zygotic gene expression has been reported at the mid-blastula in amphibians and the mid-2-cell stage to early morula in mammals. Thus, it is generally believed that the retina, as in other amphibians, is primarily organized for achromatic vision and movement detection. The strip contains protected reeds providing a place for amphibians to spawn 11 high quality forest immediately north of large grass field. The amphibians were dissected and examined for parasites within 18 h of capture. The amphibians are dominated by albanerpetonids, small salamander-like burrowers which probably hunted for insects in the soft and moist forest litter. Was it ' ' right ' ' for the first amphibians to crawl up out of the primordial ooze ? The stumbling block came in identifying where a homologue of the medial pronucleus derivatives, including the olfactory-recipient mediodorsal nucleus, was located in amphibians. More recent work on amphibians presents something of a puzzle and a surprise, however, concerning thalamic evolution within this clade and within tetrapods. Measuring a nd monitoring b iological d iversity - standard methods for amphibians. We obtained a total of seven snakes, 1401 lizards, and no amphibians, birds or mammals. Stream-dependent amphibians were only tested with the eight elevations where watercourses were found. Measuring a nd monitoring b iodiversity: standard m ethods for amphibians. We suggest that ecological roles of ground-dwelling amphibians may be species-specific and vary with different terrestrial ecosystems. Even so, the potential impacts on detrital food webs by amphibians may depend on their feeding strategies. Additional evidence for this pattern comes from a study on patterns of nestedness and species associations in pond-dwelling amphibians. The diet of both adult males and adult females consisted of a wide variety of amphibians and fish. Although it is known that amphibians have efferent retinopetal fibers from central sources, this is the first repor t that these fibers express melatonin receptors. Our results indicate that though post-fertilisation peroxidase release is similar in echinoderms and amphibians, it has quite opposite effects. In amphibians, oocyte maturation is induced by the progesterone produced by the follicular cells. Terrestrial vertebrates are divided into anamniotes (amphibians) and amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals). The collected amphibians were grouped in 10 separate terrariums. What were the first hosts of ticks : reptiles, amphibians or birds ? The duration of developmental arrest is remarkable for amphibians and provides a flexible response in an unpredictable environment. On the other hand, forest-floor amphibians can also affect the litter decomposition process through their own population dynamics. In amphibians, the fertilisation process has been investigated mainly in anurans, and remains largely unknown in species characterised by internal fertilisation. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity - standard methods for amphibians. We have examined interspecific variation in diet in a large sample of leaf-litter amphibians and reptiles. In the following section, we will describe first the brain centers that do provide the catecholaminergic input to the tectum of anuran and urodele amphibians. The pallium of amphibians consists in large part of periventricular cells that show a limited degree of radial migration, and do not make up a true cortical architecture. Relationships between habitat and terrestrial breeding in amphibians. Patterns of distribution of amphibians: a global perspective. Interestingly, opposite results on litter decomposition may occur if amphibians exert greater influence on predatory invertebrates than on microbivores, thereby releasing the microbivores from predation pressure. Samples of common amphibians, reptiles and stream invertebrates were collected by either combining individuals of small taxa or by taking tissue samples from the larger organisms. Immunocytochemical and morphological evidence for a retinopetal projection in anuran amphibians. Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Epidemiological aspects of salmonellosis in reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans - a review. Parasitic disease in amphibians : control by the regulation of worm burdens. Rustic orchid cultivation: substrates and fertilization lichens, mosses, algae and fungi, which also implies the presence of a variety of cohabiting microorganisms, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians and birds. The latter include the extant ray-finned fishes (the actinopterygians) and lobe-finned fishes (the sarcopterygians) including their four-legged descendants (the tetrapods), which comprise amphibians and the amniotes. Male-male competition and mate choice in anuran amphibians. However, the trophic structure of tropical animal communities of adjacent aquatic and terrestrial habitats, including animal species, which switch between the two habitats, such as amphibians is poorly known. Fertilization in amphibians: the ancestry of the block to polyspermy. The ultrastructural studies of folliculogenesis in amphibians as well as the comparative morphological aspects of the process with other vertebrates are of great interest for future research. Clearly, the response of arthropods, amphibians and reptiles to rainfall seasonality is complex and varies among precipitation regimes and a suite of other biotic and abiotic factors. Effects of water acidification on the distribution pattern and the reproductive success of amphibians. According to the outgroup hypothesis, the common ancestor of reptiles and mammals would have had a cerebral hemisphere similar in its topographic organization to that of present-day amphibians. The findings from this study imply that the loss of amphibians and other species of higher trophic levels may affect nutrient cycling rates in tropical forests. When analysed separately, both stream-dependent and stream-independent amphibians exhibit a significant response to the gradient only, which still explains 71% and 84% of the variation, respectively. Fertilisation in amphibians: the ancestry of the block to polyspermy. Oviductal structure and function and reproductive modes in amphibians. Developmental changes may have occurred that transformed the five neurogenetic sectors found in the telencephalon of amphibians into the six telencephalic sectors of reptiles and mammals. The sensory lines and dermal bones of the cheek in fishes and amphibians. Epidemiologic aspects of salmonellosis in reptiles, amphibians, mollusks and crustaceans - a review. Global distribution of amphibians: patterns, conservation, and future challenges. The comparatively low fractions of unexplained variation, 17.5% for the amphibians and 26.1% for the reptiles, result chiefly from the small number of sites included in the analysis. Edaphically-biased distributions of amphibians and reptiles in a lowland tropical rainforest. In the early 1970s, the electrical events during activation of sea urchin oocytes were first recorded, and this was then extended to amphibians, fish and mammals. Mechanism of eggs activation and polyspermy block in amphibians and comparative aspects with fertilization in other vertebrates. The initiation of embryonic gene expression has been reported at the mid-blastula in amphibians and the mid-2-cell stage to the early morula in mammals. Directly because there are fewer niches that the amphibians can occupy; indirectly because the environmental changes (degradation, loss of microhabitats) leads to a loss of plant diversity. Information on amphibians is especially limited. As regards amphibians, as far as we are aware no studies exist concerning either the characteristics of ovarian innervation or the role of autonomic neurotransmitters as coordinators of gonadal activity. Patterns of acid-base balance in urodele amphibians in response to variations in environmental temperature. The radiations of temnospondyl amphibians. Reproductive systems of caudate amphibians. Reproductive endocrinology of reptiles and amphibians: gonadotropins. The reproductive biology of amphibians. The social behavior of anuran amphibians. Causes of population differentiation in alpine amphibians. Rodents, rabbits, fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds make up the majority of the animals used in experiments. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The amphibians in particular provide an example of this. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The living amphibians have turned the limitations of the aqueous connection to advantage. In most vertebrates in which they have been intensively studied- amphibians and birds- gastrulation movements are rather complicated. In our laboratory, our major focus is on the venomous skin secretions of amphibians. However, further monitoring of amphibians maintained under aquaculture condition is warranted. Then he goes on with quadrupeds and amphibians. Feeding preferences of amphibians may dictate consequences on ecosystem function in terrestrial ecosystems. Assemblages of terrestrial amphibians and reptiles occupying leaf-litter habitat of moist tropical forests provide an ideal system for studies of trophic ecology. More research is necessary to clarify the importance of amphibians in various types of terrestrial ecosystems. The contralateral component of lemnothalamic-pallial projections (present to a substantial degree in amphibians, birds and reptiles, and, to a minor degree, in mammals) is omitted. Several groups have reported biochemical modifications in the vitelline envelope of amphibians. In amphibians, oocyte maturation is induced by progesterone produced by the follicular cells. Particularly, the ditches provide a wet habitat for amphibians and other organisms that live in water. In these ditches insects, predators and amphibians are gathered making them a wildlife corridor close to fields. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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