| 词汇 | example_english_absolute-majority |
| 释义 | Examples of absolute majorityThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. My thesis is that under plausible conditions, absolutemajority rules prove superior both to simple majority rules and to simple supermajority rules. This left the party just 28 seats short of an absolutemajority to form a government. Under an absolutemajority rule, by contrast, there are not enough votes in favour to enact the measure. I now turn to a different justification: absolutemajority rules combine supermajoritarian effects with expressive or symbolic majoritarianism. But the prospect of affirmative strategic behaviour by minorities counts against the standard simple-majority scheme and makes absolutemajority rule a real alternative. I compare absolutemajority rules to simple majority rules under which only those present and voting are counted, and to simple supermajority rules. This emphasizes that absolutemajority rules protect the status quo, just as does raising the voting multiplier from majority to supermajority. An absolutemajority (90 per cent) was satisfied with voting rights. In short, absolutemajority rules offer legislative majorities an insurance policy against strategic minorities. In 1970 invalids and full-time students comprised the absolutemajority of those of working age who were not gainfully employed. Under an absolutemajority rule, the switch makes no difference. They neither show nor are intended to show that absolutemajority rules are superior to simple majority rules in all circumstances. My thesis has been that absolutemajority rules prove superior both to simple majority rules and simple supermajority rules, under plausible conditions. Under absolutemajority rule, however, the measure fails, since the fifty-one vote absolute threshold is not reached. The requirement of an absolutemajority to win the presidency had led the country from electoral crisis to electoral crisis. The resyllabification criterion is the only one to produce an absolutemajority of critical responses. Generally speaking, an absolutemajority rule has the costs and benefits of an insurance policy. By assumption, both an absolutemajority rule and a supermajority multiplier have supermajoritarian effect, relative to the baseline of a simple-majority scheme. The accompanying cost is that the absolutemajority rule makes it harder to overcome obstructionist minorities who wish only to block legislation. The absolutemajority rule gives the abstainers another option, however: defeat the measure while failing to participate. Even if the rules allow eventual reversal by an absolutemajority, the sequence of minoritarian enactment and majority reversal imposes opportunity costs on the majority. We have seen that, relative to a simple-majority voting scheme, absolutemajority rules produce a status quo bias, just as supermajority multipliers do. The absolutemajority rule avoids that cost, but exacts a price in turn by raising the cost of changing the legal status quo. Simple and absolutemajority rules yield different outcomes, however. It is hard to generalize about whether absolutemajority rules or a supermajoritarian multiplier produces a greater status quo bias. Majorities constrained by politics to adopt a voting rule with minority-protecting effect might prefer the absolutemajority rule on the same grounds. Under either the simple or the absolutemajority rule, the abstainers could also defeat the measure simply by casting their votes against the measure. I will begin with the ability of the absolutemajority to reverse countermajoritarian outcomes in subsequent voting. The only question was whether he would get an absolutemajority, or, falling short of that, be forced into a run-off. I make no attempt to offer a positive theory that would explain why absolutemajority rules appear where they do and do not appear where they do not. The status quo effect of absolutemajority rules varies in magnitude. Under the absolutemajority rule, a majority of the whole body cannot succeed if its participation falls below the absolute threshold, no matter what supermajority results. On one hand, such a rulemaker might prefer to do so by agreeing to an absolutemajority rule, in order to produce or maintain a symbolic adherence to majority voting. The overall claim is that absolute legislative majorities will favour absolutemajority rules where the insurance benefits of absolute majority rules outweigh the greater organizational demands and transaction costs. The larger point, however, is that if the asymmetries in absenteeism are serious, one may need a very high multiplier to duplicate the majority-protecting effect of an absolutemajority rule. The code of conduct is adopted by an absolutemajority. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English They have only to convince three out of the other 20 to get themselves an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 My proposal is for less than an absolutemajority of those eligible to vote. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It would be able, by an absolutemajority of its members, to suggest amendments to such proposals. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In the local elections this year, that was an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Self-determination, and even an absolutemajority, do not entitle any government to deny universal values. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English We must win an absolutemajority on the most important issues and reach conciliation. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English It has had an absolutemajority on the city council. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It says that there must be an absolutemajority of the members elected. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Whether that section is an absolutemajority of the electorate or not, seems to me to be quite immaterial. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Those directly elected hospital governors will make up an absolutemajority on the trust stakeholder council. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is highly undesirable to give any party an absolutemajority by statute on the new school boards. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It is right, of course, that it should be said that that is only to be done by an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There were 161 who, in three-cornered or four- or five-cornered fights, secured an absolutemajority of those voting. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It would give you an absolutemajority anyhow, and it is the only way in which you could get it by a straightforward vote. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Therefore, the elected verderers become the absolutemajority and there can be no enclosures for afforestation purposes without the consent of the verderers. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Secondly, the election procedure whereby members are elected by an absolutemajority is not ideal. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English I believe that the correct procedure is to agree on a text which will secure an absolutemajority of 314 votes. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English There is not the slightest doubt that in this case no absolutemajority is required. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English Since no candidate has obtained an absolutemajority, we shall proceed to a third round of voting. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English What they would do if they came into power with an absolutemajority is anybody's guess. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They will have an absolutemajority on the regional water authorities, and on the larger ones a considerably higher proportion of the members. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In such a case will you be likely to secure an absolutemajority there in favour of prohibition? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The real position is that there is not an absolutemajority in any sense of the word. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 An absolutemajority of those who voted in the referendum voted yes. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There was no absolutemajority party in control then. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Moreover, the absolutemajority of these loans were taken out on terms that left all the exchange-rate risk with the borrower. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English We are negotiating in such a way that the absolutemajority simply dominate the way the resolutions are worded and what they say. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English For it to be adopted, it requires an absolutemajority of 314 votes. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English I do not mind whether he gets an absolutemajority or not, he is the man whom that constituency wants. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A union which was not brought about by an absolutemajority would not be a real union and would not work. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 This process continues until one candidate emerges with an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There does indeed have to be an absolutemajority of all the members. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The bottom candidate drops out and preferences are added up until one candidate has an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 An absolutemajority of parents would be detrimental to the proper consideration of important matters. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It has absolute power, with an absolutemajority, and it can impose its will in any way it pleases. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 This process shall continue until one candidate achieves an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The absolutemajority is 168. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English The absolutemajority is 263 votes. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English It is clear that 10,500 votes have been cast, and that, therefore, the highest number polled, which is 4,000, is not an absolutemajority of the constituency. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 That is not an absolutemajority. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 If an absolutemajority votes for continuation of the agency shop under subsection (4), it continues; and then there cannot be another ballot for two years. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 It seems to me that we should construct these boards in such a way that one group does not have an absolutemajority over the others. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Resolutions of councils have to be passed by an absolutemajority of all the council, at two separate specially-convened meetings, held after due notice has been given. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As a general rule, no candidate in a three-cornered contest gets an absolutemajority, and it is then we say that an unsatisfactory state of things comes into existence. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Men engaged in the building trades and other trades are here to-day and away to-morrow, and there would be great difficulty in getting the absolutemajority which would be required. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The second was for something more special, the agency shop, and it required either a larger majority or, as we have chosen, an absolutemajority of those eligible to vote. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 In a three-way primary he defeated the incumbent mayor and a third candidate by an absolutemajority, avoiding a runoff. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Their bid received an absolutemajority of votes, and was therefore announced the winner, without requiring a second round. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Congress fell short of an absolutemajority in the state assembly, winning 141 seats out of 288. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. No single party has held an absolutemajority of seats during independence. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the 1984 parliamentary election, it won the greatest number of seats, but remained far from an absolutemajority. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Both chambers were completely renewed and no party obtained absolutemajority. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Acceptance (assent) requires an absolutemajority of votes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the municipal elections of 2007 it managed to win an absolutemajority for a third consecutive time. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. To be ratified it must again achieve an absolutemajority of those voting in the gubernatorial election. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Such a principle tends toward a consolidation of power in which the interests of the absolutemajority always prevail over those of the minority. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Councillors are elected individually by an absolutemajority of votes, with the incumbent councillors defending their seats in descending order of seniority. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Starting from the fourth ballot, an absolutemajority is required for candidates to be elected (in this election, 505 votes). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. An absolutemajority of the votes (i.e. 401 votes) are required to be elected. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Each state has unequal voting powers based on population, with an absolutemajority required for decisions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. He ran for the presidency in 1856, but no candidate obtained an absolutemajority. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. To succeed a vote of no confidence must be supported by an absolutemajority (175 members) or it has failed. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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