| 词汇 | example_english_abatement |
| 释义 | Examples of abatementThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The use of flexibility mechanisms is restricted to being supplemental to the domestic abatement. Using simulations, we have seen that increases in abatement spending may yield a win-win situation. The findings on costs and abatement efficiencies are similar to those reported in section 2 of this paper. The cost function estimates provide evidence of significant scale economies and high marginal abatement cost in wastewater treatment by small-scale factories. These results again suggest that low charge rates can have effects in transition economies, if abatement costs are low enough. This result suggests that contrary to what we expected, the existence of abatement equipment such as filters, electrostatic precipitators. Such abatement, however, is costly and the greater the extent of abatement, for example as a fraction of potential emissions, the more costly abatement becomes. Variation in operating costs across abatement facilities was mainly based on differences in the quantity of electricity used, equipment maintenance costs, and labour cost. Emission standards should be set with a consideration of both marginal abatements costs and marginal abatement benefits, relations that are plant and location specific. When the expected marginal penalty exceeds the marginal abatement costs of the source, it will choose to comply with its emission permits. The difference in response could also reflect increasing marginal abatement costs: abatement activities are more difficult and expensive at advanced stages of cleanup. If the expected marginal damages are large, because the probability and/or magnitude of possible harms are large, then stringent first-period abatement will be appropriate. Therefore, in terms of social costs of abatement an emissions tax is as efficient as a standard. An emissions tax induces efficient allocation of abatement across firms, even when all the firms are different and some firms abate more than the others. It is the final allocation of emissions and associated abatement costs that countries ultimately care about. As expected, emissions are increasing in the unit abatement cost. The policy simulations show that the way the emissions tax induces abatement leads to not only lower emissions but also lower costs. In short, then, the data strongly support the racial issue evolution hypothesis, and strongly disconfirm the racial abatement hypothesis. On the other hand, the removal of the supplementarity condition improves the welfare by allowing cheaper foreign abatement. Once agricultural effects are considered, rural households enjoy welfare gains up to a 10 per cent abatement rate. The indirect abatement of pollutants other than the targeted one does not have to be because changing border prices affects specialization and hence pollution. But abatement expenditures, which are examined below, have been judged to be warranted in terms of human health and other benefits. In our framework, the marginal loss in profit due to emission reduction is taken as the marginal cost of abatement. Neither initial creation of a blueprint nor the actual production of an abatement firm comes out of thin air as discussed below. The significance of industry mix will depend on the degree to which sectoral regulatory standards adjust for sectoral differences in emissions intensities and abatement costs. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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