| 词汇 | ergative |
| 释义 | ergative adjective language specializeduk /ˈɜː.ɡə.tɪv/ us /ˈɜ˞ː.ɡə.t̬ɪv/ used to refer to a verb that can be transitive (= used with an object) or intransitive(= used without an object), with the object of the transitive verb used as the subject of the intransitive verb. For example, close is an ergative verb (I closed the door| The door closed): （动词）通格的（当一个动词作及物动词时，它的宾语与它用作不及物动词时的主语相同，此动词即为通格的。如：close 就是一个通格动词。(I closed the door. The door closed.） Ergative verbs are both transitive and intransitive.通格动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。 a sentence in which the main verb is ergative主要动词是一个通格动词的句子 used to refer to a type of noun in which the person who does an action is the object of the verb rather than the subject: 作格的 Grammatical features such as ergative pronouns can be detected.作格代词等语法特征可以被检测到。 Ergative is the case marking transitive subject.作格是标记及物主语的格。 He told me these unusual-looking grammatical patterns I had uncovered were ergative. No African language is known to have ergative characteristics. The language is said to have ergative syntax. Linguistics: grammatical terms ablative apposition appositive appositively attributively collocate concord dative feminine genitive indirect object inflected nominal plural post-modifier postposition postpositional postpositive postpositively syntax ergative noun[ C ] language specializeduk /ˈɜː.ɡə.tɪv/ us /ˈɜ˞ː.ɡə.t̬ɪv/ an ergative verb: 通格动词 The verb "capsize" is an ergative.动词“capsize”是一个通格动词。 Do not confuse ergatives with passives.不要混淆作格与被动。 Ergatives can be used transitively (The storm sank the ship) as well as intransitively (The ship sank). In English, the object of an ergative has to be moved to subject position. Linguistics: grammatical terms ablative apposition appositive appositively attributively collocate concord dative feminine genitive indirect object inflected nominal plural post-modifier postposition postpositional postpositive postpositively syntax Examples of ergativeergative In ergative- absolutive languages, the lowest nonoblique argument gets absolutive and the next lowest gets ergative. The explanation of ergative-absolutive and nominative-accusative alignment is clear. The formal hierarchy is based on the morphological complexity of the marking : nominative\\absolutive accusative\\ergative dative\\other oblique adposition (436). The ergative case is marked with one of four morphemes but there is no marking for absolutive case. While adults only dropped the ergative case marker in a pre-consonant position, the children also dropped it in pre-vocalic and utterance final positions. He notes therefore that one should not speak of an ' ergative language ' but rather an ' ergative system ' within a language. Table 6 shows the rate of omission of ergative case in monolingual children, which is 22/70 or 31%. My claim is that the difficulty that children have in producing ergative case is a morphological one. If the trapped ergative case marker had been lost for phonotactic reasons, we would expect it to have been retained at least in vowel-final stems. Lexical verbs may be transitive (29a, b), ergative (29c, d), and intransitive (29e). This name is more difficult to explain morphologically because the grammatical features such as ergative pronouns cannot be detected. The omission of ergative case was productive in ten of the twenty bilingual subjects of this study. This would give information to a child as to the argument structure of the verb : the verb would require an ergative subject. In the ergative, the trapped suffix -n of the host noun was lost. The behaviour of unergative verbs contrasts sharply with that of ergative ones and is clearly in line with our analysis. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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