词汇 | antibiosis |
释义 | BETA Examples of antibiosisantibiosis isn’t in the Cambridge Dictionary yet. You can help! Therefore, antibiosis levels for seedlings did not predict those for adult plants. At least one accession with either antibiosis or overall resistance was detected for each of the three aphid species. Furthermore, producing isolines would be additionally costly if separate genes for antibiosis and oviposition deterrence had to be incorporated into the isolines. Antibiosis was estimated as the biomass accumulated by each aphid species on each accession during infestation. Tolerance was not amenable to this analysis because it was derived by dividing mean overall resistance by mean antibiosis, to calculate a biomass conversion ratio. The mechanism of resistance expressed by most of these genes is antibiosis, where first-instar larvae die after feeding on resistant plants. This result is perhaps not surprising given that seedling resistance was primarily through antibiosis and adult plant resistance was primarily through tolerance. Furthermore, no positive correlation was found between antibiosis and overall resistance. Two accessions with antibiosis reduced aphid biomass by 60% compared with commercial wheats. Antibiosis and antixenosis can be difficult to distinguish, because both reflect plant defences that reduce biomass production by insect herbivores. In the other cases (table 5), the lack of significant antibiosis associated with overall resistance suggests that tolerance was the primary type of resistance. The frequency of accessions with antibiosis or overall resistance was associated with the ploidy level of the plant species. To identify the relative importance of components of overall resistance, the contributions of antibiosis, tolerance, and plant growth potential were partitioned by partial correlation. No relationship was found between seedling and adult plant resistance: the former exhibited primarily antibiosis and the latter primarily tolerance. Accessions with antibiosis (table 3, fig. 1) and overall resistance (table 5, fig. 1) were scattered through the lineages of wheat. The diploid wheats usually showed the highest frequency of antibiosis and overall resistance, followed by tetraploid and hexaploid wheats (table 6). Unlike antibiosis, tolerance was detected in adult plants and showed a strong association with overall resistance. In contrast to seedling plants, no antibiosis was detected in adult plants. The positive correlation and partial correlation between antibiosis and overall resistance for seedlings supported the hypothesis that seedling resistance was due primarily to antibiosis, rather than tolerance. |
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