| 词汇 | direct-speech |
| 释义 | direct speech noun[ U ] language specializeduk /ˌdaɪ.rekt ˈspiːtʃ/ us /ˌdaɪ.rekt ˈspiːtʃ/(US alsodirect discourse) When you use direct speech, you repeat what someone has said using exactly the words they used: 直接引语 She said, "If it rains, I won't go out." is an example of the use of direct speech.“她说，‘如果下雨我就不出去了’”就是使用直接引语的一个例子。 Compare indirect speechspecialized Quoting & making references allude to someone/something allusive allusiveness as for someone/somethingidiom bandy something around bring en passant further hark misquote quotable quotably quote quote... unquoteidiom ref refer refer to someone/something reference reported speech undermentioned GrammarReported speech Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say. There are two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech. … Reported speech: reporting and reported clauses Speech reports consist of two parts: the reporting clause and the reported clause. The reporting clause includes a verb such as say, tell, ask, reply, shout, usually in the past simple, and the reported clause includes what the original speaker said. … Reported speech: punctuation In direct speech we usually put a comma between the reporting clause and the reported clause. The words of the original speaker are enclosed in inverted commas, either single (‘…’) or double (“…”). If the reported clause comes first, we put the comma inside the inverted commas: … Reported speech: reporting verbs We can use say and tell to report statements in direct speech, but say is more common. We don’t always mention the person being spoken to with say, but if we do mention them, we use a prepositional phrase with to (to me, to Lorna): … Reported speech: direct speech Direct speech is a representation of the actual words someone said. A direct speech report usually has a reporting verb in the past simple. The most common reporting verb is said. The reporting clause may come first or second. … Direct speech: inversion of subject and reporting verb In narratives, especially novels and short stories, when the reporting clause comes second, we often invert the subject (s) and reporting verb (v): … Direct speech: present simple and continuous reporting verbs In informal conversation, we sometimes use the present simple in the reporting clause. This makes the direct speech more vivid and dramatic: … Reported speech: indirect speech Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact words. In indirect speech, the structure of the reported clause depends on whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command. … Indirect speech: reporting statements Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that-clause. We often omit that, especially in informal situations: … Indirect speech: reporting questions Indirect reports of yes-no questions and questions with or consist of a reporting clause and a reported clause introduced by if or whether. If is more common than whether. The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form: … Indirect speech: reporting commands Indirect reports of commands consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a to-infinitive: … Indirect speech: present simple reporting verb We can use the reporting verb in the present simple in indirect speech if the original words are still true or relevant at the time of reporting, or if the report is of something someone often says or repeats: … Indirect speech: past continuous reporting verb In indirect speech, we can use the past continuous form of the reporting verb (usually say or tell). This happens mostly in conversation, when the speaker wants to focus on the content of the report, usually because it is interesting news or important information, or because it is a new topic in the conversation: … Backshift ‘Backshift’ refers to the changes we make to the original verbs in indirect speech because time has passed between the moment of speaking and the time of the report. … Indirect speech: changes to pronouns Changes to personal pronouns in indirect reports depend on whether the person reporting the speech and the person(s) who said the original words are the same or different. … Indirect speech: changes to adverbs and demonstratives We often change demonstratives (this, that) and adverbs of time and place (now, here, today, etc.) because indirect speech happens at a later time than the original speech, and perhaps in a different place. … Indirect speech: typical errors The word order in indirect reports of wh-questions is the same as statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order: … Reported speech: reporting nouns Reporting nouns are nouns such as comment, criticism, remark, statement. We can represent indirect speech with reporting nouns as well as with reporting verbs. These are more common in writing than speaking, and are usually quite formal. (Reported speech is underlined.) … Examples of direct speechdirect speech Indirect (embedded) directives, usually with speech act predicates such as tell, order, give orders, etc., derive their properties from directspeech acts. First, will he ensure that the interpreters in the secondary examination area at terminal 3 use directspeech and do not use indirect speech? From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Inverted commas are positioned so that the first one is right-leaning, and the second one is left-leaning, coming after the ending punctuation mark of the directspeech sentence. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Among the constraints that figure in the development of be like, it is the pragmatic effect contrasting thought with directspeech that is most baffling. Thus, in directspeech there is only one pragmatic source, viz. the speaker. These factors have led me to believe that the ñt-less complex dependent sentence originally derives from directspeech. What follows marks a change from report to the dramatic representation of directspeech. Directspeech: what's it doing in non-narrative discourse? Again it is just a short step from true directspeech. Data were further identified for three textual subtypes: quoted directspeech, general reportage and columns, and letters to the editor. In directspeech deictics point to the reported speech situation, in indirect speech they point to the actual speech situation. It has to be regarded as directspeech because it shows neither concord of person or tense. Thus, (3) contains a piece of directspeech that leads to an undisputed code-switch. Early marking is found at transition sites, such as text beginning and end, story segments, and directspeech, and proceeds from text boundaries internally. Directspeech purports to reproduce what another person said, or even how it was said. See all examples of direct speech These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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