Examples of amniote

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It is likely that the mammal-like reptiles emerged quite early from the ancestral amniote stock.
Therefore, the amniote tectorotundal pathway might relay to the telencephalon information on those features that indicate relevancy of visual objects.
First, the dorsal pallium of stem amniotes acquired sensory inputs from the dorsal thalamus (and descending motor projections).
Therefore, the similarity between modern reptiles and mammals in the topology of these "cortical" sensory areas may be due to common inheritance from stem amniotes.
This hypothesis intends to provide a partial account for the major difference in sensory connectivity in the major groups of amniotes.
In primitive amniotes (subclass anapsida), there are no openings and the roof of the skull is completely covered by bone.
Synapsid reptiles were the first group of amniotes to be abundant and diversified, and their relations with the presumed ancestral anapsid stock are obscure.
Their components are noted in the discussion of anamniotes, and the rationale for recognizing them in amniotes is discussed in detail below.
These projections may have served as precursors for the development of olfactory-hippocampal circuits in amniotes.
A vomeronasal nerve and system is present in amphibians and most amniotes, whereas in amniotes the lateral line nerves are lost completely.
Therefore, understanding the origin of the sensory cortices requires analyzing how thalamo-pallial projections evolved during early amniote evolutionary history.
In the dorsal pallium of amniotes, the degree of similarities at multiple functional levels is also notable.
These differences have impelled the recurrent suggestion that the functional similarities of the hippocampal and dorsal pallium in amniotes are examples of convergent evolution.
The basic constituent forebrain neuron populations and their interconnections could have evolved early in vertebrate phylogenesis and, being present in every amniote group, could support the observed common functional characteristics.
The latter include the extant ray-finned fishes (the actinopterygians) and lobe-finned fishes (the sarcopterygians) including their four-legged descendants (the tetrapods), which comprise amphibians and the amniotes.
The hypothesis of convergent evolution concerning several functional traits in amniotes might be the most parsimonious alternative if the feature essential for isocortical processing is lamination.
Amphibians represent an intermediate condition between fishes and amniotes, many of which retain the lateral line system.
Fitzgerald et al. raises the possibility that increases in choroidal thickness followed by a sharp decline may be age-related phenomena common to many sighted amniote species.
Whether their preglomerularpallial circuitry sufficiently resembles amniote thalamocortical circuitry and supports this high-level cognitive ability and the working memory-conscious processing that this implies remains to be elucidated.

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