词汇 | altruism |
释义 | altruism noun[ U ] uk /ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/ us /ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/ willingness to do things that bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself: 利他主义;无私 She's not known for her altruism.她并不是一个无私的人。 Opposites egoism self-interest Virtue and moral good angel angelic angelically be as pure as the driven snowidiom be on the side of the angelsidiom justifiably justified loftiness lofty magnanimity rightness saintly self-forgetful self-forgetfully the road to hell is paved with good intentionsidiom upstanding virtuous virtuously white hat wholesomely Related wordaltruist altruism | American Dictionaryaltruism noun[ U ] us/ˈæl·truˌɪz·əm/ the attitude of caring about others and doing acts that help them although you do not get anything by doing those acts: Nobody believes those people are donating money to the president’s party purely out of altruism. altruisticadjectiveus/ˌæl·truˈɪs·tɪk/ altruistic motives Examples of altruismaltruism The relationship between altruism and self-control may be understood as similar discounting processes for extrinsic reinforcement, social and temporal. But a third pattern might be to attempt to find somewhat more complex rules about whether altruism is in your long-run self-interest. How could anything so infuriatingly nebulous possibly elucidate egoism or altruism? This perspective suggests further tests of whether altruism is a type of self-control, including brain imaging, induced affect, and dual-task studies. Due taxes were reckoned in proportion to one's income, whereas voluntary undertaking of public expenditures, called 'liturgies', depended on one's wealth and sense of altruism. But it is not possible to determine that a separate altruism mechanism exists by the absence of reinforcement (immediate or delayed) of particular altruistic acts. The explanatory tale is that some people have been collecting delayed or long-term rewards for altruism or other forms of self-controlled behavior. I believe our understanding of altruism will be advanced best through models that integrate the contributions of different theoretical orientations. What is the rational (as opposed to the natural) basis for altruism? Unintentional altruism is most natural for the transcendent sponsorship of the religious level, where we are delivered from ourselves. This question is important because its answer determines whether people need a special mechanism for altruism, aside from whatever mechanism mediates self-control. We had better replace theoretical notions of altruism and selfishness by common sense. Such altruism does not necessarily preclude a preoccupation with self-interested internal occupational stratification, but there is little evidence that this was a significant motive. To illustrate, a similar analysis can be presented when altruism takes a different form. Most citizen advocates did not then become advocates from a sense of altruism or some general, selfless concern for the welfare of more vulnerable others. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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