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The targeting ligand is covalently coupled to the drug, making the efficiency of drug loading and uptake comparatively lower than in polymer- drug conjugates.
Furthermore, the purine and pyrimidine bases need to be covalently bound, in b-orientation, with the 1k carbon of ribose to form nucleosides.
Superexchange-mediated charge separation and charge recombination in covalently linked donor-bridge-acceptor systems.
The heme is covalently attached by this enzyme to the two cysteines in the cytochrome via thioether linkages to the heme vinyl groups.
The covalently bound (fixed) and unbound (rotating) ends are indicated.
Under these conditions polypeptides covalently linked by intermolecular disulphide bonds are displaced from the diagonal during the second-dimension electrophoresis.
In polymer-drug conjugates, many drug molecules are covalently bound to a single polymer backbone which, in turn, can be targeted to the tumour.
In addition, many of the polysaccharides contain covalently linked repeating units with variable carbohydrate sequences, and these form the basis of immunological subtyping of strains of the same species.
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