Examples of allopatric

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The question of how allopatric species might be defined is discussed in the final section of this paper.
Taken together, these findings provide evidence of differentiation among existing allopatric populations.
Comparisons of allopatric arctic char populations with those occurring sympatrically with other salmonids indicate that interactive feeding segregation exerts a strong influence on parasite transmission.
The current single centre to the distribution of all the metacentrics can be presumed to have been the location of the allopatric population.
Such dependence could easily exist if parasites saturate the susceptible pool of allopatric hosts, but at a higher dose than for sympatric hosts.
What are the relative genetic differences between the sympatric and allopatric pairings?
The difference in dose-response curves indicates that compatible combinations are very rare in allopatric host-parasite combinations in this system.
However, there was no indication of a threshold in the allopatric hosts and the proportion of uninfected sympatric hosts remained unchanged even at extreme doses.
This finding suggests that the allopatric host population might have unique ' resistance ' genotypes.
This is the first experiment of which we are aware that estimates dose-prevalence functions for both a sympatric and allopatric combination in any host-parasite system.
The results also suggest, contrary to our expectation, that compatible genetic combinations were very rare in the allopatric host population.
One of the host populations was sympatric, and the other host population was allopatric, to the parasite population.
Host addition is characterized by allopatric distributions of the host taxa.
Allopatric combinations are in bold.
These results suggest that defences in the allopatric host were not overwhelmed at high parasite doses, and that any life-history costs of defence are not plastic responses to parasite dose.
In summary, we found that for a sympatric host-parasite combination infection increased rapidly with parasite dose whereas in the allopatric combination infection increased very little with dose.
First, each population could have been exposed to different external environments with different selection pressures, leading to allopatric speciation in the manner proposed in standard evolutionary theory.
We found that sympatric hosts rapidly developed a clear asymptotic exposure-prevalence relationship, while allopatric hosts failed to develop such a relationship, even though experimental infections were produced.
They further demonstrated that whilst there is a tendency for sympatric combinations to be more compatible than allopatric combinations, instances of the reverse pattern also occur.
Hence, locally adapted parasites might be expected to infect the common genotypes at relatively low doses in sympatric hosts, but reach the same asymptote in allopatric hosts at higher doses.

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