| 词汇 | counterfactual |
| 释义 | counterfactual adjective formaluk /ˌkaʊn.təˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ us /ˌkaʊn.t̬ɚˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ thinking about what did not happen but could have happened, or relating to this kind of thinking: 违实的，反事实的，与事实相反的 Thoughts about how an embarrassing event might have turned out differently are known to psychologists as counterfactual thinking.心理学家把人们想象已发生的尴尬事件其实可能以不同方式发生这样的想法叫做违实思考。 Thinking and contemplating a brown studyidiom agonize agonize over/about something beard-stroking bethink harbour hit on/upon something I/we'll (have to) seeidiom in the cold light of dayidiom introspect introspection navel reckon reflection reweigh rumination run through someone's mind/headidiom scratch your headidiom self-contemplation weigh counterfactual noun[ C ] formaluk /ˌkaʊn.təˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ us /ˌkaʊn.t̬ɚˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ something such as piece of writing or an argument that considers what would have been the result if events had happened in a different way to how they actually happened: One approach is to consider a counterfactual: what if the wave of global trade liberalization that began after the second world war had never taken place? They compare actual income distributions in 2018 to a counterfactual that assumes incomes had continued to keep pace with growth in per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We can solve this missing data problem by constructing counterfactuals: how much a college graduate would earn if she had chosen to be a high school graduate. You can't prove a counterfactual such as the claim that if there had been video, that officer never would have been charged. A counterfactual is a mental simulation where you think about something that happened, and then imagine an alternate ending. Imagining and conceiving assume beyond your wildest dreamsidiom blue-sky cognitive map conceivable fancy guess imagine in your mind's eyeidiom inconceivably lay the foundation(s) of/foridiom look on/upon someone/something as something manifest regard retheorization retheorize revisualization riot run riotidiom throw You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Guesses and assumptions Examples of counterfactualcounterfactual In political science, the task is more difficult, and requires either comparative analysis or the careful use of counterfactual scenarios. Counterfactual simulations are also presented to highlight what might happen if things take a different turn. This is so because strong indifference is now ascertained by means of a counterfactual situation. Even in the absence of empirical evidence a counterfactual argument always presumes a pattern of covariational evidence. The problem is that given such a broad definition it is difficult to imagine a counterfactual conditional for stakeholder. For that judgment we must rely on complex counterfactual judgments about whether and to what extent a different pattern of politics is possible. The interpretation is also imaginary for all spaces embedded in counterfactual or other distanced spaces. Similarly, at the time at which counterfactual statements are true, it is not required that the circumstances or actions referred to actually exist. Although this may seem self-evident, it is a crucial limit on our ability to develop compelling counterfactual scenarios. The tradeoff allows counterfactual paths with a lower likelihood of the business-cycle index remaining fixed, rather than allowing variation in the counterfactual business-cycle index. Explanations of such occurrences as inattention or neglect can, of course, verge on counterfactual history, with all its potential hazards. Gauging ' ' the impact of domestic politics ' ' necessitates positing a counterfactual foreign policy uninfluenced by such factors. It also requires that we follow some basic ground-rules for historical comparison and counterfactual analysis. Both involve a counterfactual situation that could, if somehow realized, yield important information. Initially, it was also assumed that, unlike if-conditionals, unless-sentences with counterfactual (or irrealis) meanings are not acceptable. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
| 随便看 |
|
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。