| 词汇 | cottager |
| 释义 | cottager noun[ C ] old useuk /ˈkɒt.ɪ.dʒər/ us /ˈkɑː.t̬ɪ.dʒɚ/ a person who lives in a cottage住在乡村小屋的人，村民 People who live or settle somewhere asylum seeker boarder brain drain city slicker co-resident Georgian guest worker habitant illegal alien illegal immigrant lodger Orcadian outflow overspill repeople returnee squatter villager welcome wagon year-rounder A cottager had one to five acres of land and depended on others for his living. More subdivided land holdings in the country made holdings of cottagers minuscule. The fifth and lowest class included the laborers and cottagers, who were usually tenants at will. The majority of the cottagers are away in the fields at work, and the place is elsewhere almost quiet. To every cottager in the parish he was a bounteous benefactor. Examples of cottagercottager Even smallholders, crofters and cottagers in freehold parishes were better off in old age than former tenant farmers on the estates. The next most prevalent occupational category among male criminals (group 6b) includes farmhands (drangar) and cottagers (torpare). It has increasingly concentrated on the fate of the smallholder and cottager and more recently on the interplay of landownership and common rights. One of the results of these changes was the widespread establishment of smallholders and cottagers. For three of the estates there was a considerable difference between farmers, on the one hand, and crofters, cottagers and smaller farmers on the other. For most cottagers and labourers the battle to retain a respectable independence was a basic instinct. Recognition of local unease at maladministration resulted in a clause allowing the cottagers to unseat trustees and make new appointments if they were dissatisfied. Many cottagers converted their rights to keep animals there into cash by selling them to larger farmers every year. This was particularly common among cottagers and crofters or their widows, and there might be no formal contract. Since the owner of the land almost always owned all buildings errected on it, tenant farmers, cottagers and crofters did not have any formal rights to dwellings when they retired. At that time they established themselves as farmers, if they had access to land or could lease it, or as crofters, cottagers, soldiers, craftsmen, contract workers, day-labourers and so on. This picture of the gradual emergence of a substantial group of cottagers and small farmers is confirmed by analysis of the parish acre books of 1673. The form ' 'cot ' ' could be ' 'cot' ', ' 'cottage' ', ' 'cottager' ', or ' 'cotarius' ' + it is simultaneously all of these. It also criticizes middle-class do-gooders for assuming that misery and immorality must characterize those cottagers who do not meet their genteel standards of cleanliness and propriety. The bulk of this group is formed by cottagers, artisans, soldiers, contract workers (statare) and other agricultural workers who had no property and did not lease landholdings. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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