词汇 | cheater |
释义 | cheater noun[ C ] uk /ˈtʃiː.tər/ us /ˈtʃiː.t̬ɚ/ mainly US(UK usuallycheat) a person who behaves in a dishonest way in order to win or get an advantage: 骗子;作弊者 The Inland Revenue has many ways to catch cheaters. Athletes who break the rules to win are cheaters. a dishonest person cheatShe's a liar and a cheat! cheaterUSI wouldn't play a game with him - he's a cheater. crookMy dad says that used car salesmen are just a bunch of crooks. cowboyUKThe private security firm are just a bunch of cowboys looking to rough up anyone who crosses their path. fraudHe claims to be a doctor, but he's just a fraud without a medical licence. sharkThe landlord was a real shark, jacking up rents without relief. informal a person who has a secret sexual relationship with someone who is not their husband, wife, or usual sexual partner: Emma found out her boyfriend was a cheater. I can understand someone staying with a cheater if they have small children to care for. We need the media to hold liars, bullies, and cheaters accountable. Their job is to screen athletes' blood and urine samples and catch cheaters. If you're married to a serial cheater, they will probably never change. Dishonest people birther cadger charmer cheat deceiver fabulist hoaxer humbug hustler hypocrite knave mountebank perjurer profiteer rigger ringer schemer trickster wheeler-dealer Examples of cheatercheater So how does the group survive having the cheaters in its midst? They include cognitive adaptations to detect cheaters, paired with behavioral propensities to punish those who violate principles of reciprocity, including third-party violators. Consequently, at low producer frequencies, the producers have a higher fitness than the non-producing defectors (cheaters are defectors that gain an advantage from defection). Co-operators need to be able to identify other co-operators, and to detect cheaters. In this case only the cheated party needs to know the identity of the cheater to prevent future trade. For good game-theoretic reasons co-operators will seek out other co-operators and try to avoid dealing with cheaters. However, coaggregation of preferably only one cell per species would make the formation of cheater-less mixed-species groups fairly likely. In reality individuals lie somewhere along a spectrum of honesty with pure cheaters at one end and pure cooperators at the other. Reciprocal altruism does not work in evolutionary terms if there are numerous cheaters. When rare, cheater transcript would then be overrepresented relative to actual cheater copy number in the telomere, since cheaters would not transcribe their non-cheating neighbors. In contrast, a cheater with a higher growth rate benefits from the economy of the others without paying the cost of a reduced growth rate. When individuals bilaterally punish cheaters, agents who are sufficiently patient cooperate and those who are not cheat. For cheaters, the proof can be found on page 388. Cooperative behaviour in the presence of cheaters constitutes altruism towards the cheaters. Individuals that defect from cooperation and therefore do not pay the cost but nevertheless benefit from the cooperative behaviour of others are called cheaters. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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