| 词汇 | underfunding |
| 释义 | underfunding noun[ U ] uk /ˌʌn.dəˈfʌn.dɪŋ/ us /ˌʌn.dɚˈfʌn.dɪŋ/ the situation when an organization, etc. is given less money than it needs: 资金不足 A major cause of our zero star rating is years of chronic underfunding.我们之所以得到零星级差评，是因为多年来一直经费不足。 We have to address the government's persistent underfunding of state education.政府一直未能给公立教育提供足够的资金，对此我们必须加以关注。 The district has faced decades of underfunding, and many of its students come from families who live in poverty. This has led to a systemic underfunding of the nutritional needs of these people for nearly 4 decades. They want action to deal with historic underfunding of the border region and they want it now. The city's pension deficit is attributable to underfunding dating back many years. He cited intentional underfunding of the employee pension fund. Paying money 2FA 2SV ante up (something) burn a hole in someone's pocketidiom buying power cost-cutting fund non-contributory overpaid put someone through something put something on your/someone's card put something towards something reimburse run to something self-finance spend spent splurge sponsor tipper underfunding | Business Englishunderfunding noun[ U ] FINANCEuk /ˌʌndəˈfʌndɪŋ/us a situation in which something is given less money than it needs: The chronic underfunding of the plan has resulted in a $64.8 million shortfall. After years of underfunding and mismanagement, the business was on the brink of bankruptcy. Examples of underfundingunderfunding The police suffered from poor motivation, underfunding, low and irregular pay, and lack of training and basic equipment. In particular, we find that guarantee funds may promote underfunding instead of reducing it. In equilibrium, there is no underfunding of pensions even in the absence of tax incentives to fund pensions. Awareness of the nation's need for immigrants was great, resulting in underfunding of selective programs and support for those that encouraged immigration. In the context of pension funds, the extent of shortfall aversion is influenced by the fund's flexibility in a situation of underfunding. Our motivation for pension guarantee funds was based upon underfunding, which was itself a consequence of capital market imperfections. The third force is the asymmetry regarding asset disposals between underfunding and overfunding under the current law. From this viewpoint, underfunding does not necessarily expose workers to any risk. Secondly, the past few years with historically low stock returns have shown that pension funds do get in a situation of underfunding. In fact, by using appropriate spreads, one can eliminate a large fraction of eventual underfunding. By 1998 a rising stock market apparently lowered the level of underfunding to $49 billion. Pension plans where pensions are indexed to inflation run the risk of underfunding due to inflationary pressure, which pushes up pensions. He began tactfully by reviewing the past and blaming some previous problems on the underfunding of the inter-war years. For the rest of this paper, we take l=110, representing a 1 % probability of underfunding. At funding ratios below 100 %, stock investments increase in the extent of underfunding. See all examples of underfunding These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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