词汇 | umlaut |
释义 | umlaut noun[ C ] uk /ˈʊm.laʊt/ us /ˈʊm.laʊt/ a mark put over a vowel in some languages, such as German, to show that the pronunciation of the vowel is changed: (德语等语言中表示元音发音发生变化的)变音符 The German word "Gebäude", which means "building", has an umlaut over the "a".德语词 Gebäude 意思是“建筑物”,其元音 a 字母上有一个变音符。 FrankRamspott/DigitalVision Vectors/GettyImages Punctuation abbreviated accent acute apostrophe at sign block capitals caron comma curly bracket dash diacritical hyphen punctuation mark round bracket scare quotes small cap small capitals solidus stroke tilde Examples of umlautumlaut An elegant featural statement of umlaut phonology may well be possible, but it is not our concern here. Lengthening is a change in the length feature (and\\or the tense feature) whilst umlaut fronts back vowels. There is also a minor subclass which has a stem alternation other than umlaut. In contrast, umlaut is neither a separate segment nor stem final and is thus less salient. All of the former are reconstructed as having had a suffix containing a 'high front unround' segment which 'triggered' the umlaut reflected in these spellings. The same applies to the morphophonological alternations vowel lengthening and umlaut, which are discussed in sections 4.1 and 4.2 below. The realization of umlaut is more complex than a fronting of back vowels. An anonymous reviewer points out that it has been argued that 'vowel harmony is demarcative, while umlaut is compensatory'. Contrary to what one might expect, it is not the case that both vowels in a diphthong are fronted when umlaut is applied. There is also a handful of nouns which undergo umlaut on one of their back vowels, but which have other back vowels which are unaffected. Although we provide formal accounts of final consonant devoicing, schwa and umlaut, they are not the focus of the present enterprise. The realisation of umlaut in the diphthongs is especially interesting. The class of nouns which undergoes umlaut cannot be determined by independent synchronic linguistic factors, be they phonological, syntactic or semantic. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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