| 词汇 | by |
| 释义 | by preposition uk /baɪ/ us /baɪ/ bypreposition (AGENT)A2 used to show the person or thing that does something: （用于表示动作的施动者）被，由 The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.那辆摩托车由一个秃顶的小个子男人驾驶。 We were amazed by what she told us.我们对她所说的事感到很惊讶。 I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.我在读契诃夫写的一些短篇小说。 The book was translated by a well-known author.这本书是由一位著名作家翻译的。 I felt frightened by the anger in his voice.我被他声音中的怒气吓坏了。 The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns.这座寺庙的屋顶由一排粗大的石柱支撑着。 The girl's mother was at home today, being comforted by relatives.女孩的母亲今天在家，有亲戚在安慰她。 The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066.诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰人。 The temperature is controlled by a thermostat.温度由恒温器控制。 Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.梵高的任何一幅作品都值一大笔钱。 Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing somethingidiom ceteris paribus even granted if lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether bypreposition (METHOD)A2 used to show how something is done: （用于表示方式） They travelled across Europe by train/car.他们乘火车／开汽车在欧洲旅行。 She did the decorating by herself (= alone, without help from anyone). We went in by (= through) the front door.我们是从前门进去的。 Do you want to be paid in cash or by cheque?你想拿现金还是支票？ He learned English by listening to the radio.他通过听收音机来学习英语。 Suddenly, she grabbed him by the arm (= took hold of this part of his body).突然，她抓住了他的手臂。 I refuse to live by (= following) their rules.我拒绝遵守他们的规矩。 She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front.她在测验中作弊，抄袭前座男孩的答案。 I don't have any cash on me, so could I pay by cheque? Whenever I travel by train, I always travel first class.我每次乘火车旅行都坐头等车厢。 He managed to stay afloat by holding on to the side of the boat.他抓住了船舷才使自己没有沉到水底。 The pilot avoided a collision by changing course.飞行员改变航向避免了一起碰撞事故。 Ways of achieving things a means to an endidiom actively aid another avenue bases basis formula media method methodological methodologically procedure standard operating procedure strategy styleless stylistic stylistically thus vehicle bypreposition (POSITION)B1 near or at the side of: 在…旁边，在…附近 A small child stood sullenly by her side.一个小孩闷闷不乐地站在她身边。 He wanted to keep her close by him always.他想让她一直呆在自己身边。 The policewoman walked by (= past) them without saying a word.那个女警察没说一句话就从他们身边走过去了。 We spent a week by the coast. He held my arms down by my sides.他把我的胳膊按在我身体的两侧。 He has a house down by the harbour.他在港湾那边有一座房子。 She sat reading by the fireside.她坐在壁炉边看书。 Closeness in distance and time a few stepsidiom a hair's breadthidiom about anywhere anywhere nearidiom approachable around float float around hand to handidiom hard by proximate proximately proximity roof round the corneridiom shadow shout spit step bypreposition (NOT LATER THAN)A2 not later than; at or before: 不迟于;早于 She had promised to be back by five o'clock.她答应过5点前回来。 The application must be in by the 31st to be accepted.申请必须在31号之前到达才会被接受。 By the time I got to the station the train had already gone.等我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。 before something beforeTry to arrive before the start of the meeting. prior toAll utensils should be washed prior to use. in advance ofCall in advance of your visit to see if you'll need a parking reservation. ahead ofMy sister is arriving ahead of me to do the shopping for the dinner. byMake sure you're back by midnight. We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year.我们承诺将于年底前撤出军队。 All contributions for the school magazine must be received by 1 August. We need a firm decision by the end of the week. I've got to be home by seven. I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm 35.我打算到35岁时成为百万富翁。 Before, after and already afore afterwards already as it isidiom before heel immediate in advanceidiom in advance of something/someoneidiom in the wake of somethingidiom next posterior prepend previous prior priorly prologue scarcely upstream wake bypreposition (MEASUREMENT)B2 used to show measurements or amounts: （用于表示度量或数量） Our office floor space measured twelve metres by ten (= was twelve metres in one direction and ten in the other).我们办公室的面积为12乘10米。 Their wages were increased by 15 percent.他们的工资上涨了15%。 Freelance workers are paid by the hour (= for every hour they work).自由职业者按小时领取报酬。 These phones have sold by the thousand (= several thousand have been sold).这些电话已经售出几千台。 minute by minute/hour by hour/day by day, etc.(alsoby the minute/hour/day, etc.) used to say that something increases or changes with every minute, hour, day, etc. that passes: 随着每分钟（每小时，每天，等）的过去 The death toll from the hurricane was climbing minute by minute.随着每分钟的过去，飓风造成的死亡人数一直在增加。 minute-by-minute/hour-by-hour, etc. describing or showing what happens every minute, hour, etc.: 每分钟（每小时等）的（变化） Police presented a minute-by-minute timeline of the incident. Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing somethingidiom ceteris paribus even granted if lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether bypreposition (DURING)during: 在…期间 We travelled by night and rested by day.我们昼伏夜行。 Simultaneous and consecutive accompanied by someone/something accompaniment accompany all the whileidiom along fly go along heavy rotation in parallelidiom in rotationidiom in tandemidiom minute process simultaneousness soon step straight successive successively turn by nature, profession, trade, etc. used when describing someone's character, job, etc.: 本性（职业等）上 She is, by nature, a sunny, positive kind of person.她本性是那种乐观开朗、积极向上的人。 be all right/fine by someone If something is all right/fine by someone, they agree that it can happen: 同意，不反对 "I'd rather go later." "That's fine by me."“我想晚点去。”“我没意见。” GrammarBy By is a preposition or an adverb. … By and time We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines: … By and the passive When we use the passive voice, we can use a phrase with by to say who did the action: … By meaning ‘how to do something’ We use by + -ing form to describe how to do something: … By + myself etc. When we say by + myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, it means ‘alone’. We sometimes use all for emphasis: … By and place We use by to mean ‘beside’ or ‘at the side of’: … By and measurements and amounts We use by to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts: … By meaning ‘during’ We sometimes use by + day and by + night to mean ‘during the day or the night’: … By meaning ‘written’ or ‘composed’ We use by when we talk about the writers of books, songs, poems, symphonies, etc.: … By: typical errors We say by car, by bus, by plane etc. but if there is a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, some, his), we say in or on: … Before, by, till, until If you have to do something before a certain point in time, then when that point arrives, the action must already be completed: … by adverb uk /baɪ/ us /baɪ/ B1 at the side of or (in distance or time) past: 经过 The policewoman walked by without saying a word.那个女警察没说一句话就走过去了。 Why don't you call in for a cup of coffee next time you're passing by?下次你路过的时候干吗不进来喝杯咖啡呢？ The years flew by.岁月飞逝。 I was just passing by, so I thought I'd drop in for a chat. He tapped Brown on the shoulder as he went by. Closeness in distance and time a few stepsidiom a hair's breadthidiom about anywhere anywhere nearidiom approachable around float float around hand to handidiom hard by proximate proximately proximity roof round the corneridiom shadow shout spit step GrammarBy By is a preposition or an adverb. … By and time We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines: … By and the passive When we use the passive voice, we can use a phrase with by to say who did the action: … By meaning ‘how to do something’ We use by + -ing form to describe how to do something: … By + myself etc. When we say by + myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, it means ‘alone’. We sometimes use all for emphasis: … By and place We use by to mean ‘beside’ or ‘at the side of’: … By and measurements and amounts We use by to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts: … By meaning ‘during’ We sometimes use by + day and by + night to mean ‘during the day or the night’: … By meaning ‘written’ or ‘composed’ We use by when we talk about the writers of books, songs, poems, symphonies, etc.: … By: typical errors We say by car, by bus, by plane etc. but if there is a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, some, his), we say in or on: … Idiomby and by by | American Dictionaryby preposition us/bɑɪ/ bypreposition (CAUSE)used to show the person or thing that causes something to happen or to exist: The car was driven by a short, bald man. I’m reading some short stories by Chekhov. I took her umbrella by mistake. bypreposition (METHOD)used to show how something is done: They thought about flying to Boston but decided to go by car. She did the repair work by herself (= without help). Do you want to be paid in cash or by check? He learned English by listening to the radio. bypreposition (ACCORDING TO)according to: By my watch, it’s 2 o’clock. The students were listed by name. bypreposition (NOT LATER THAN)not later than; at or before: She promised to be back by 10 p.m. bypreposition (MEASUREMENT)used to show measurements or amounts: Their wages increased by 12%. The room measures 15 feet by 20 feet. bypreposition (DURING)during: We traveled by night and rested by day. Idiomsby all means by and large by heart by hook or by crook by the book by the same token by preposition, adverb[ not gradable ] us/bɑɪ/ bypreposition, adverb[not gradable] (NEAR)near, beside, or (in distance or time) past: A small child stood quietly by her side. Claire waved as she drove by. As time went by, she became more attached to him. |
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