Examples of telomerase

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Thus, a detailed understanding of telomerase regulation will be required for any therapeutic applications.
Although the story is far from complete, several regulatory pathways have already been implicated in the normal and aberrant activity of telomerase in human cells.
Alternatively, stimulated microglia undergo senescence, demonstrated by reduced viability and mitotic activity, after several weeks in culture and in the absence of telomerase repression.
However, these assays might fail to detect mixed populations of telomerase-positive and telomerase-negative cells in the tumour population (c).
Could these changes in structural conformation act as a molecular switch in telomerase function?
An important review of the rapid progress in understanding telomeres and telomerase in health, disease (particularly cancer) and ageing.
In telomerase-deficient mice, telomere shortening affects the function of epithelial stem cells.
However, several immortal cell lines and tumours lack telomerase activity, yet have the ability to elongate their telomeres.
Furthermore, small-cell lung cancer shows high levels and frequency of telomerase activity and gene expression.
This suggests a model by which epigenetic deregulation of the telomerase gene promoters could lead to aberrant telomere maintenance.
It is now clear that the enzyme telomerase confers immortality on cells in most types of cancer.
The early clinical evaluation of telomerase-based therapeutics presents specific challenges and requires the design of appropriate models for preclinical evaluation.
Once activated, telomerase maintains telomeres at a length compatible with cell proliferation through the addition of telomere repeat sequences.
Inhibition of cell proliferation was observed only after a lag period and, importantly, only in telomerase-positive cells.
I t is anticipated that classical telomerase inhibitors will ultimately have their greatest clinical impact in 'minimal disease states'.
There are now numerous assays to test for telomerase activity, enabling tumours to be tested for suitability for telomerase therapy.
This puts the therapeutic effects of telomerase-derived therapies into perspective.
The induction of telomerase expression appears to be a key event in immortalisation.
Expression of telomerase would avoid this catastrophic series of events.

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