词汇 | schoolmistress |
释义 | schoolmistress noun[ C ] old-fashioneduk /ˈskuːlˌmɪs.trəs/ us /ˈskuːlˌmɪs.trəs/ a woman who teaches children in a school(中小学)女教师 Compare headmastermainly UK schoolmarmmainly USold-fashioned schoolmasterold-fashioned schoolteacher teacher See also mistress(WOMAN IN CONTROL)UKold-fashioned Teachers academician ALNCo associate professor board of education co-principal homeschooler housemaster housemistress instructor lecturer rector residence schoolie schoolmarm schoolmaster scribe teaching assistant trainer tutor visiting Examples of schoolmistressschoolmistress This interest in child-centred methods was not confined to the members of the schoolmistresses' associations. None of the schoolmistresses in the study publicly questioned the belief that women shared an essentially feminine nature, which differentiated them from men. Earlier in the century, schoolmistresses had been recruited from a fairly wide spectrum of middle-class backgrounds, though professional families were predominant. However, by the 1840s, calls for the more systematic education of schoolmistresses and governesses were multiplying. The schoolmistresses' organizations helped to reinforce teachers' sense of the importance of their work, and stimulated the growing feeling of shared identity and professional authority. Evidence from the lives of the schoolmistresses in the study suggests that many self-consciously sought some kind of preparation for their work. Other schoolmistresses showed a clear interest in discussing educational matters. However, many schoolmistresses were claiming a new authority and affirming their expertise in educational matters. A corollary was the growing importance schoolmistresses attached to undergoing some form of specialized training. A number of the schoolmistresses in the study contributed to this genre. The support of schoolmistresses for teacher training challenged conservative notions of femininity and offered women the possibility of a valued professional existence outside the home. The term ' governess ' was commonly used interchangeably with ' schoolmistress ' before the 1870s. This interpretation ignores the long-standing interest of many schoolmistresses in ' the science and art of education ' as well as their commitment to making teaching a professional career for women. Another method by which middle-class schoolmistresses obtained training is particularly surprising given the historiographical emphasis on the social divide between elementary and secondary or middle-class education. Many of the eighty-three schoolmistresses in the study consciously restricted the number of pupils they would take and sought to compare their institutions to a family or home. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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