| 词汇 | reported-speech |
| 释义 | reported speech noun[ U ] language specializeduk /rɪˌpɔː.tɪd ˈspiːtʃ/ us /rɪˌpɔːr.t̬ɪd ˈspiːtʃ/ → indirect speechspecialized间接引语（同 indirect speech） Linguistic terms & linguistic style accentual affricate allophone allophony anaphor contextualize easy read emphatic entailment etymological etymologically inflected language parataxis pathetic fallacy philological philologically polysemy portmanteau word stylistics tautology You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Quoting & making references GrammarReported speech Reported speech is how we represent the speech of other people or what we ourselves say. There are two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech. … Reported speech: reporting and reported clauses Speech reports consist of two parts: the reporting clause and the reported clause. The reporting clause includes a verb such as say, tell, ask, reply, shout, usually in the past simple, and the reported clause includes what the original speaker said. … Reported speech: punctuation In direct speech we usually put a comma between the reporting clause and the reported clause. The words of the original speaker are enclosed in inverted commas, either single (‘…’) or double (“…”). If the reported clause comes first, we put the comma inside the inverted commas: … Reported speech: reporting verbs We can use say and tell to report statements in direct speech, but say is more common. We don’t always mention the person being spoken to with say, but if we do mention them, we use a prepositional phrase with to (to me, to Lorna): … Reported speech: direct speech Direct speech is a representation of the actual words someone said. A direct speech report usually has a reporting verb in the past simple. The most common reporting verb is said. The reporting clause may come first or second. … Direct speech: inversion of subject and reporting verb In narratives, especially novels and short stories, when the reporting clause comes second, we often invert the subject (s) and reporting verb (v): … Direct speech: present simple and continuous reporting verbs In informal conversation, we sometimes use the present simple in the reporting clause. This makes the direct speech more vivid and dramatic: … Reported speech: indirect speech Indirect speech focuses more on the content of what someone said rather than their exact words. In indirect speech, the structure of the reported clause depends on whether the speaker is reporting a statement, a question or a command. … Indirect speech: reporting statements Indirect reports of statements consist of a reporting clause and a that-clause. We often omit that, especially in informal situations: … Indirect speech: reporting questions Indirect reports of yes-no questions and questions with or consist of a reporting clause and a reported clause introduced by if or whether. If is more common than whether. The reported clause is in statement form (subject + verb), not question form: … Indirect speech: reporting commands Indirect reports of commands consist of a reporting clause, and a reported clause beginning with a to-infinitive: … Indirect speech: present simple reporting verb We can use the reporting verb in the present simple in indirect speech if the original words are still true or relevant at the time of reporting, or if the report is of something someone often says or repeats: … Indirect speech: past continuous reporting verb In indirect speech, we can use the past continuous form of the reporting verb (usually say or tell). This happens mostly in conversation, when the speaker wants to focus on the content of the report, usually because it is interesting news or important information, or because it is a new topic in the conversation: … Backshift ‘Backshift’ refers to the changes we make to the original verbs in indirect speech because time has passed between the moment of speaking and the time of the report. … Indirect speech: changes to pronouns Changes to personal pronouns in indirect reports depend on whether the person reporting the speech and the person(s) who said the original words are the same or different. … Indirect speech: changes to adverbs and demonstratives We often change demonstratives (this, that) and adverbs of time and place (now, here, today, etc.) because indirect speech happens at a later time than the original speech, and perhaps in a different place. … Indirect speech: typical errors The word order in indirect reports of wh-questions is the same as statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order: … Reported speech: reporting nouns Reporting nouns are nouns such as comment, criticism, remark, statement. We can represent indirect speech with reporting nouns as well as with reporting verbs. These are more common in writing than speaking, and are usually quite formal. (Reported speech is underlined.) … reported speech | American Dictionaryreported speech noun[ U ] us/rɪˈpɔr·tɪd ˈspitʃ, -ˈpoʊrt/(alsoindirect speech) English a description of what someone has said without using the exact words used: The sentence "He told me that he would like to go" is an example of reported speech. Examples of reported speechreported speech Chap. 4 (93-138) deals with the presentation of self and others in the story world through the use of reportedspeech in border-crossing chronicles. Time reference in reportedspeech. Reportedspeech can be used to directly challenge what a prior speaker has just said. So reportedspeech is a practice by which citizens can make public hearings somewhat more dialogical. The past tense can also be used alone to indicate sequence-of-tense, and thus to identify reportedspeech, in the remaining marked verbs. So we get not just the reportedspeech, but how to take the reportedspeech - via this frame of being untrue. The identification of the speaker is already known, and the indication of reportedspeech is sufficient. In simple reportedspeech the associated clause is understood to have been stated, with an epistemic hedge, by the subject of the epistemic verb. We have therefore offered an account of different types of reportedspeech which makes pragmatics central, and which does not involve the notion 'original utterance'. Reportedspeech: forms andfunctions of the verb. The switch from the reporting clause to the reportedspeech entails a deictic reorientation. Only segments that clearly included direct reportedspeech, marked by intonation pattern or exaggerated pronunciation, were subcategorized in this way. Unlike other accounts of reportedspeech, our approach does not presuppose an 'original utterance'. The king's script is contained inside the king's reportedspeech, which is contained inside the king's narrative. This is a shame, especially when it leads to overly-literal accounts of songs rendered in a rather mundane reportedspeech. See all examples of reported speech These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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