| 词汇 | preterite |
| 释义 | BETA Examples of preteritepreterite isn’t in the Cambridge Dictionary yet. You can help! Where ' 'found' ' is the passive participle of ' 'find,' ' not the preterite active. With habitual stories, the imperfect was true, and the preterite was false; with one-time event stories, the preterite was true, whereas the imperfect was false. Note that not any preterite form in a subordinate clause is a relative tense form. Let me conclude with a brief consideration of the formation of preterite presents and weak presents. The subjunctive and preterite forms are interpreted as functionally rather than merely expressionally defective in this respect. The first of these realignments makes everything presuppose preterite, and the second makes all the originally preterite forms weak. On the other hand, it would also be wrong to claim that there is now no relatedness between the present and preterite forms. More specifically, only one caregiver provided any examples of resultative be done, four produced completive done, and only one produced preterite had. Thirdly, the preterite is usually deictic whereas the perfect is prototypically nondeictic. Tense-aspect morphology (preterite vs. imperfect or progressive) may interact with the inherent aspectual value of verbal predicates. Achievements in the imperfect and states in the preterite are the latest to be acquired, if at all. The impossibility of the generic interpretation with the preterite is a negative constraint not easily observable from the input. Finally, he discusses the inadequacies of formal tense logic in distinguishing between the preterite and the perfect. Of particular interest in the current study was the present/preterite distinction. In terms of expression, then, the preterite-present paradigm is essentially composed of two preterite systems, one strong, the other weak. The syncretism we ®nd with all other verbs will affect our interpretation of other alleged instances of the preterite subjunctive. We will explain in due course why a sentence with a preterite is not necessarily bounded. Thus, we assume they were grouped with preterite-tense forms. In other words, learners were induced to use preterite as the default past-tense marker. Therefore, these results document once again that the imperfect tense is acquired much later than the preterite but that it is eventually acquired. Thus, saber "know" in (10) is stative in the imperfect but can become an achievement in the preterite, receiving an inchoative interpretation, as in (11). Finally, imperfect morphology, but not preterite, is linked to an empty quantifier or operator. Additionally, we used a cloze test to establish that all participants knew the morphological distinction between preterite and imperfect forms. Along with the high degree of accuracy in the use of preterite verb inflections, the children also produced forms that seemed to reflect over-regularizations of documented patterns. The formation of the preterite and the past participle. Following a brief introductory chapter, chapter 2 reviews some previous theories concerning the use of the perfect and preterite and provides a theoretical grounding for the remainder of the study. Recall that impersonal constructions with the imperfect are ambiguous between a generic or a specific interpretation, whereas with the preterite tense only the specific interpretation is available. Subsequently, the preterite extends to the atelic classes and the imperfect to the telic classes. Thus, all groups correctly interpreted the sentences in the imperfect as having a generic reading, whereas the sentences in the preterite did not support such an interpretation. In most cases, we had minimal pairs in which the imperfect tense in the first clause made the sentence logical, whereas the preterite made it illogical. Female speakers, on the other hand, more frequently combine a tag question with the preterite form of a modal verb that does not refer to the past, as in(c). The rules for the functional present system are not unfamiliar: they're (almost entirely) the rules that apply elsewhere in the preterite system of ordinary strong verbs. The semantic convergence of perfect and preterite constructions can be expressed in the predicate archetypes that define individual predicates, independently of the formal specification of their realisations. We find with accomplishments a larger percentage of perfective forms (9% or 9/99 for past participle and the thirdperson-singular preterite), although not as well represented as might be expected. There are two voices (active and medio-passive), two moods (indicative and imperative), and two tenses (present and preterite). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The only common exceptions to this are the modal verbs (see the following table) and the verb "wees" be (preterite form "was"). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. First and second preterite have identical stems, usually in io (occ.), and the infinitive and the past participle also have the same stem. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Preceding the preterite it is and causes lenition. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There are four inflectional forms of the verb traditionally called aorist, preterite, negative preterite and intensive. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Six morphological forms for tenses, aspects, and/or moods present, preterite, imperfect, pluperfect, future, and conditional.: 6. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In total there are 6 spoken active-voice forms for each verb: infinitive, imperative, present, preterite/past, supine, and past participle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Note that in the historical tenses (the imperfect, preterite, and conditional), a consonant-initial stem undergoes lenition, while a vowel-initial stem is prefixed by "d". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The preterite form "would" is used in some conditional sentences, and as a past form of future "will" as described above under. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. After "went" became established as the preterite of "go", "wend" took on a new preterite, "wended". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In addition, the spelling changes when final devoicing takes place in the 1st and 3rd person singular preterite indicative, where appropriate. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The grammatical gender of the preterite-participle would be determined by the grammatical gender of the noun representing the thing that was made or done. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The second preterite stem is used for second-person singular, and all persons in the plural (as well as the preterite subjunctive). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The present singular is formed from the original singular preterite stem and the present plural from the original plural preterite stem. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Conjugation includes three persons, two numbers (singular and plural), three moods (indicative, imperative and subjunctive), and two tenses (present and preterite). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the past tense, they use the preterite endings of the weak verbs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the case of modal verbs the present and preterite forms are listed, since these are the only forms that exist. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The first example, being the preterite, refers only to actions completed once in the remote past, or distant past. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The new uniform preterite could be based on the vowel of the old preterite singular, or on the old plural, or sometimes on the participle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Please note the use of -ss- instead of -- in the preterite forms. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the colloquial language, the perfect is often preferred to the preterite. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Both forms stem from the third-person plural ("ellos, ellas, ustedes") of the preterite. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Preterite may be denoted by the glossing abbreviation or. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Use of the preterite is found almost exclusively with "strong" verbs, i.e. verbs involving ablaut. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Exception: the preterite impersonal neither undergoes lenition nor receives "d". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Instead, the pluperfect, like the preterite, is expressed using the perfect. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. First and second preterite have identical stems, usually in o (occ.), and the infinitive and the past participle also have the same stem. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Note that most of these so-called preterite forms are most often used in the subjunctive mood in the present tense. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The structure is the present tense of the main verb with either preterite of the auxiliary verb. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The structure is the future tense of the main verb with either preterite of the auxiliary verb. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, the j-presents have instead taken an "o" in the preterite and participle, perhaps by analogy with class 2: "heben hob gehoben". From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As the only difference between the historical classes 3b and 4 was the preterite plural, these two classes are now identical. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The subjunctive shows more regularity, with no stem vowel differences in singular versus plural and identical endings in both present and preterite. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the preterite, however, the paradigms fell together. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The preterite subjunctive is also increasingly being replaced by the indicative. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Preterite-present verbs have weak past tenses, but often irregularly formed. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Elements of both are present in the preterite-present verbs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The form is derived from the preterite by ablaut. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In most cases, the irregularity concerns the past tense (also called "preterite") or the past participle. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The preterite (as well as the perfect, when applicable) fundamentally presents an action or state as being an "event", and is thus essentially narrative. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the present tense, they use the "preterite" endings of the strong verbs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The perfective aspect is equivalent to the aspectual component of past perfective forms variously called aorist, preterite, and simple past. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Here the word imperfect continues for the past imperfective, and the term preterite may be used for past perfective in contrast to the perfect. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The preterite form "might" is used as a synonym for "may" when expressing possible circumstance (as can "could" see above). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The basic opposition is between the aorist, a non-past form which lacks further tense information, and the preterite which often conveys past tense. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the preterite, questions are formed with the soft mutation on the verb, though increasingly the soft mutation is being used in all situations. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The 2nd person singular preterite indicative has yet another stem vowel; it is usually the same as that of the preterite subjunctive. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They exhibit different stem vowels in the present and preterite (a result of umlaut from the -jan ending). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Two tense/aspects are morphologically distinguished, present tense and preterite. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Verbs are conjugated in three persons, two numbers (singular, plural), three voices (active, passive, deponent), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), and four tenses (present, future, imperfect, preterite). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In the preterite, the particle is used. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Only for strong verbs, the preterite-present verbs and some irregular weak verbs does the past subjunctive differ from the past indicative, and only in the singular form. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The preterite's initial structure is supposed to be isomorphic with the imperfective, along the lines of above. There is no obvious interpretation of these features that would capture the near-synonymy of perfects and preterites. The occasional errors that occurred involved the use of the preterite third person singular inflection in place of the preterite third person plural inflection. Perhaps this knowledge comes from having correctly mapped the preterite to perfectivity (linguistic knowledge) and from knowledge of perfectivity as a cognitive universal. In these cases, sentences in the imperfect were true, whereas those in the preterite were false. All other speakers seemed to know the negative constraint on the preterite but not the ambiguity of the imperfect. The preterite denotes the occurrence in the past of the initial phase of the state. At the same time, they need to realize that the preterite does not allow two interpretations. An analysis of the appropriate use of preterite and imperfect forms showed that morphology was used appropriately in almost all contexts. The preterite is associated with given information and the narrative foreground, while the perfect is associated with new information and the narrative background. Analysis of the preterite-present and weak-present verbs provides further support for this distinction in systems of category organization. The contrastive tense verb forms include the past preterite, past imperfect, periphrastic future and simple future. They were asked to conjugate six verbs in the first-person singular form in the present indicative, preterite, subjunctive, and future. |
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