词汇 | phylloxera |
释义 | BETA Examples of phylloxeraphylloxera isn’t in the Cambridge Dictionary yet. You can help! They were introduced into the set of practices of phylloxera control in the late 1880s. Thus, the radical absence of the phylloxera was yet another way of making the phylloxera visible. Here, the phylloxera was made visible through its absence. The presence of genetically diverse phylloxera with strong vine host associations suggests that populations of this insect may be comprised of host 'specialists'. Thus, the physical means of destroying the phylloxera were not specific. Accordingly, in the vintners' perspective, their vineyards were destroyed not by the phylloxera, but by the government agencies. Only visibility conferred reality to the phylloxera, and the visibility had to be achieved by training the observers. In conclusion, government practices of colonizing the vineyards generated spaces where the body of the phylloxera were seen as either dead, alive, or absent. The nymph crawls above ground, where it unfolds its wings and becomes the winged form capable of spreading the phylloxera above ground. Resistant rootstocks are used to control grape phylloxera damage, but the phylloxera/grape interaction is poorly understood. Analysis of genetic variation of four host phylloxera lineages revealed levels of genetic diversity with deviations of about 5%. The performance of a given clonal lineage changed over successive generations, depending upon the host plant and the phylloxera group. French colonial rum output achieved the most rapid growth, filling the gap in the metropolitan market created by the vineyard blights oidium and phylloxera. Another way to make the phylloxera physically visible was to recreate the vineyard as a disinfecting room outdoors. The surveillance techniques and the transfer of disinfection practices into entomology was begun with the "introduced pest" phylloxera as target object. The vintners were not convinced of the existence of an object phylloxera "pest," visible only in a space appropriated from them. In these controlled spaces, the phylloxera could be made visible dead, alive, or even absent. As an aid to observers, it attempted to visualize the phylloxera damage in the vineyards both below and above ground (fig. 3). In conclusion, by creating a dense network of surveillance of the phylloxera and by resetting the observers' view, three new objects were made. |
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