Examples of parasitoid

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However, when parasitism occurred six to eight days after infection, a greater proportion (12.5-14%) of hosts died before parasitoid larvae egressed.
Addition of vials with honey had no direct effect on the bruchid population or on the parasitoid progeny.
These spores would probably accumulate in the occluded midgut of the developing parasitoid.
The longevity and daily fecundity of each female parasitoid were recorded.
On several occasions, dissection revealed that hosts contained more than one parasitoid larva, indicating that superparasitism had occurred.
The identification by the parasitoid of the parasitized hosts was evident either during antennation or probing.
The diversity of parasitoids recorded here facilitates exploration of a number of issues associated with parasitoid assemblages on concealed hosts.
The proportion of each parasitoid species relative to the total number of parasitoids that emerged was then calculated.
Similarly, the interaction between time of parasitoid release and age of the berries at the time of infestation had no effect on rates of parasitism.
For this, six to eight-day-old experienced parasitoid females from the no-choice tests and second to third instar nymphs were used.
As long as nontarget hosts are common and parasitoids can be reared in high numbers, the impact of the parasitoid may be easily assessed.
Thus, in order to efficiently use natural enemies, it is necessary to study interactions between parasitoid communities, their hosts and the host plant.
However, in contrast to the previous study, behaviour was assessed over five periods (stored as separate tracks for each period for each parasitoid replicate).
A parasitoid of a polyphagous host might not be able to find or to access the host in all its feeding niches.
The effect of the plant on the parasitoid may be manifested directly by the plant's physical and chemical characteristics.
Although no formal study of parasitoid behaviour was made, the search pattern of the parasitoids in this experiment appeared to be random.
These small differences favoured the co-occurrence of the two parasitoid species on the same attacked trees.
Neither parasitoid refrained from oviposition in situations where its progeny were very unlikely to develop.
High bruchid populations in treatments with parasitoid introduction were reduced by 50-75% compared to the control treatments without parasitoids.
Both species of parasitoid delay larval development until the host has reached full size and has entered the ground to pupate.

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