Examples of paracrine

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It will be important in future studies to identify these putative paracrine factors and further define the conditions under which they operate.
The higher percentage of maturation in glucose-containing medium is consistent with an extracellular accumulation of glucose-derived, meiosis-promoting paracrine factor(s).
Other glucose metabolites or glucose-stimulated paracrine factors could also serve in this capacity.
The close association between these cell types suggests that angiotensin might influence cell processes in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.
The released pyruvate could act in a paracrine fashion, perhaps in concert with non-pyruvate-related actions of glucose, to promote maturation.
It has been suggested that they probably serve a paracrine or local regulatory role.
A gap-junction-mediated signal, rather than an external paracrine factor, predominates during meiotic induction in isolated mouse oocytes.
Research in folliculogenesis has shown that paracrine factors play an important role in the development of the oocyte.
It appears that endogenous and/or exogenous serotonin in preimplantation embryos could be involved in complex autocrine/paracrine regulations of embryo development and embryo-maternal interactions.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggest a positive paracrine effect of co-cultured cumulus cells on meiotic maturation.
Transforming growth factor-beta: autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects in ovarian cells.
It is clear that several autocrine and paracrine factors are involved in the process of primordial follicle assembly.
These could include production of soluble inhibitory factors from infected cells, which would then act in an autocrine or paracrine manner.
This program was then influenced by different environmental cues such as autocrine and paracrine signals.
Instead, the mitogenic effect of estrogen is usually mediated through peptide growth factors in an autocrine/ paracrine manner.
These factors may be operating in both autocrine and paracrine pathways to modulate embryo development during in vitro culture.
Recent studies have provided evidence that the oocyte also can produce paracrine factors able to regulate several follicle cell activities.
During this process, endothelial cells lining blood vessels become activated and secrete factors that have paracrine and autocrine effects.

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