词汇 | osteoclast |
释义 | osteoclast noun[ C ] anatomy specializeduk /ˈɒs.ti.əʊ.klɑːst/ us /ˈɑː.sti.oʊ.klæst/ a large cell found in bones that gets rid of bone tissue that is no longer needed: Osteoblasts make new bone, and osteoclasts dissolve old bone. In osteoporosis, the osteoclasts break down old bone at a much faster rate than the body can renew it. This family of drugs block bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity. A number of endogenous factors are known to increase osteoclast formation. The resorption of bone occurs when osteoclasts secrete enzymes on the bone surface, which dissolve and remove both matrix and minerals. Bone structures acetabular acetabulum acromial acromioclavicular acromion foramen magnum frontal bone glenoid gnathic gynecoid osteophyte osteotomy parietal parietal bone pectoral girdle TMJ trapezoidal triquetrum true rib tubercle You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Cells Compareosteoblast Related wordosteoclastic Examples of osteoclastosteoclast The bone cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, work as units, coupled in time and space. A computer-produced image reconstruction is shown of fixed and immuno-stained osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells) that were cultured on dentine. These cytokines all stimulate the recruitment of osteoclasts and therefore the resorption of bone. Although prostate cancer bone metastases are typically osteoblastic, biochemical markers of resorption are increased and indicate enhanced osteoclast activity. Podosomes form highly transient matrix adhesions and are dynamically turned over within 2-12 min during osteoclast motility. Under normal circumstances, changes in osteoblastic activity are mirrored by changes in osteoclast markers. The horizontal thin struts in the load-bearing network which have been perforated are now unloaded and will therefore be resorbed by osteoclasts. Migratory osteoclasts attach and move over the bone matrix via the formation of podosomes. The bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclast function. The resorption cavities of the osteoclasts can be clearly seen. The myeloid lineage produces erythrocytes, mast cells, megakaryocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, as well as cells not directly associated with the haematopoietic system, such as osteoclasts. Toll-like receptors, and plays a central role in osteoclast biology. Both compounds inhibit osteoclasts and secondarily the osteoblasts. This process of bone resorption followed by formation is a delicate balance between two cell types, the osteoclast and the osteoblast. The end result is a 'vicious cycle' whereby complex multi-directional interactions among tumour cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts lead to ever-increasing bone destruction and tumour growth. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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