Examples of mealybug

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Percentage emergence of parasitized offspring was not significantly influenced by whether they developed in single or superparasitized mealybugs.
Encapsulation of parasitoids is a common feature of mealybug parasitism and has been argued that it can increase the success of superparasitism.
Mortality from parasitism was determined by dissecting about 100 randomly selected mealybugs under a stereomicroscope on each sampling occasion.
This indicated that the difference in mealybug mortality from parasitoids and predators on the two host trees varied according to the mealybug species.
There is one other feature of the mealybug genome that is of interest.
The ants sometimes remove the dead outer bark near soil level to facilitate the feeding of the mealybugs.
This suggested that there was a degree of synchrony between peak numbers of the three mealybug hosts and the rates of parasitism and predation.
The results of this experiment suggest that on an average 25 186 plaque forming units represent the size of the mealybug genome.
All these mealybugs are normally ant-attended but are rarely associated with fungi.
Therefore, it appears that inoculative biocontrol programmes should be applied early in spring in order to curb the increasing mealybug density later in summer.
A female parasitoid was introduced into the oviposition arena containing two mealybugs (one from each host category).
The parasitized hosts were obtained by exposing an individual mealybug to a parasitoid female for the deposition of a single egg.
Because of the agility of predators, mealybug host mortality due to these agents could not easily be determined.
The rate of attack by parasitoids and predators of the various developmental stages of the three mealybug species differed.
Percentage predation was thus determined from direct counts of characteristic mealybug remains on sample units.
The effect of the time between ovipositions on the discrimination between unparasitized and conspecific-parasitized mealybugs was studied using these variable egg-load parasitoids.
Consequently, no insecticides were applied specifically for the control of mealybugs prior to the 1970s.
None of the three mealybug species sustained mortality from disease during the current study.
These results suggest that the proportion of coding sequences in the genome of the mealybug is smaller than in the fly.
The rejection of parasitized mealybugs during antennation was more frequent than during probing in both high and low egg-load conditions (fig. 3).

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