| 词汇 | liana |
| 释义 | liana noun[ C ] usuk /liˈɑːnə/ a woody plant that grows in tropical forests藤本植物 nodostudio/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty Images /GettyImages Bushes & shrubs abelia abutilon angel's trumpet aronia artemisia dewberry dogwood eglantine ephedra firethorn manzanita mayflower Mexican orange mock orange multiflora rose snowberry spicebush staghorn sumac sumac sweetbriar Examples of lianaliana Although a liana may simultaneously utilize several of these climbing mechanisms, it is normally possible to recognize the prevalent climbing mode. Nonetheless, small-diameter lianas were most abundant in the 20-y stands and the largest lianas were found in the forests 70 y old. These data suggest that small lianas may be abundant in the understorey but are not successful in reaching the canopy in older forests. Both crown illumination and tree size were related to liana abundance. This allows a well-replicated sampling on lianas per life form and species in a relatively uniform environment, a major limitation in highly diverse forests. Low forest was found to contain over four times the weight of liana leaves as high stature. In addition, 10 randomly selected leaves of each liana species were weighed and traced onto graph paper to determine leaf area-to-weight relationships. Understorey plants were not identified to species, but were categorized as herbs, ferns, herbaceous vines, palms, t rees and lianas. We sampled lianas in alternate 5-m x 10-m quadrats along each transect (total of eight quadrats/transect, 400 m2). If a liana species has positive population growth even in the absence of high-light understorey sites, it is truly shade-tolerant. Open circles and the dashed line represent individuals with light liana loads (0-25% of the crown infested). There are no published biomass estimates for liana forest per se, but they fall into the general category of non-dense forests. Total liana basal area, and thus estimated biomass, remained relatively constant over stand age. In addition, we evaluated the spatial distribution of lianas. The number of large trees (7.0 + 3.0) per subplot was not correlated with liana density or species richness. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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