| 词汇 | if |
| 释义 | if conjunction uk /ɪf/ us /ɪf/ ifconjunction (IN THAT SITUATION)A2 used to say that a particular thing can or will happen only after something else happens or becomes true: 假如，如果 I'll pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.如果你周五前完工，我付你双倍的报酬。 if notWe'll have the party in the garden if the weather's good. If not (= if the weather is not good), it'll have to be inside.如果天气好的话，我们将在花园里开派对。如果不好，就只好在室内了。 If anyone calls, just say I'll be back in the office at four o'clock.要是有人给我打电话，请告诉他们我4点钟回办公室。 If she hadn't called, I wouldn't have known.要不是她打来电话，我还不知道呢。 (even) ifI wouldn't work for them (even) if they paid me twice my current salary.即使他们付给我的工资是现在的两倍，我也不会为他们干活。 if and whenWe'll deal with that problem if and when it arises.等到那个问题出现我们再处理。 If disturbed, the bird may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.如果受到惊扰，鸟可能会弃巢而去，留下雏鸟，任由它们死亡。 although: 虽然，尽管 even ifThey're great kids, even if they can be demanding.虽然他们要求多多，但他们是很好的孩子。 literaryIt was a hot, if windy day.那天虽然有风，却依然很热。 B1 every time: 当，每当 If water is heated to 100°C it turns to steam.水被加热到100摄氏度时，就会变成蒸汽。 If I don't get enough sleep I get a headache.我睡眠不足时就会头疼。 used to mean "if it is true that": 如果…是真的 I'm very sorry if I've offended you.如果我冒犯了你的话，我很抱歉。 You'll feel cold if you don't wear a coat.如果不穿外套你会觉得冷的。 You have to go to college for a lot of years if you want to be a doctor. Try to act confidently, even if you feel nervous.即便你感到紧张，也要自信行事。 The TV won't work if the aerial's not connected. Biscuits will stay crisp if you keep them in an airtight container.如果装在密封容器里，饼干就会保持酥脆。 Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing somethingidiom by ceteris paribus even granted lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Linguistics: connecting words which express a contrast ifconjunction (WHETHER)B1 used to introduce a clause, often in indirect speech, that shows two or more possibilities: （用于引出从句，常为间接引语）是否 Mrs Kramer called half an hour ago to ask if her cake was ready.克雷默夫人半小时前来电话问她的蛋糕做好了没有。 I don't care if he likes it or not - I'm coming!我不在乎他乐不乐意，我反正要来！ I was wondering if you'd like to come to the cinema with me this evening?不知你今晚想不想与我一起去看电影？ Compare whether I must see if my flatmate has paid those bills yet. We asked if the computer could access the internet.我们询问这台计算机能否上网。 You could always call Susie and see if she might babysit. I asked if she'd like to come out with us tonight. I couldn't find the station, so I asked someone if they could direct me.我找不到车站，只好问路。 Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing somethingidiom by ceteris paribus even granted lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether ifconjunction (REQUEST)used when you want to make a polite request or remark: （用于礼貌地作出请求或评论） If you'd like to take a seat, Mr Chang will be with you in a moment.您请先坐一会儿吧，张先生一会儿就过来。 Would you mind if I open/opened (= can I open) the window?我开窗您介意吗？ There are, if you don't mind me saying so, one or two problems with this plan.恕我冒昧，我觉得这个计划有一两处问题。 Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing somethingidiom by ceteris paribus even granted lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether GrammarShould you (Should with inversion) In formal situations, we can use should + subject (s) + verb (v) instead of if: … Had you (Had with inversion) In formal situations, we can use had + subject + verb instead of if in third conditional sentences: … If + were to In formal situations, we can use if + were to when we talk about things that might happen but which we think are unlikely: … As long as, so long as, providing, etc. Sometimes we need to impose specific conditions or set limits on a situation. In these cases, conditional clauses can begin with phrases such as as long as, so long as, only if, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that). … Or and otherwise We often use or and otherwise with conditional meanings: … Supposing Supposing may be used with a conditional meaning. It can be used in first, second or third conditional sentences. The speaker invites the listener to imagine a situation: … Conditionals: typical errors We don’t use will and would in the conditional clause: … Conditionals Conditional sentences consider imagined or uncertain situations and the possible results of these situations. The most common types of conditional sentences involve if: … Conditionals: imagined situations Conditional sentences consider imagined or uncertain situations and the possible results of these situations. The most common types of conditional sentences involve if: … Conditional sentences Conditional sentences consist of a conditional clause and a main clause: … Order of clauses Conditional clauses usually come before main clauses but they may also come after them: … Verb forms in the conditional clause The verb in the conditional clause may be in the simple form or the continuous form, depending on the meaning: … Conditionals: if There are different types of conditions. Some are possible or likely, others are unlikely, and others are impossible: … Imagined conditions There are different types of conditions. Some are possible or likely, others are unlikely, and others are impossible: … Imagined conditions: the first conditional We use the first conditional to talk about the result of an imagined future situation, when we believe the imagined situation is quite likely: … Imagined conditions: the second conditional We use the second conditional to talk about the possible result of an imagined situation in the present or future. We say what the conditions must be for the present or future situation to be different. … First and second conditional compared When we use the first conditional, we think the imagined situation is more likely to happen than when we use the second conditional. … Imagined conditions: the third conditional We use the third conditional when we imagine a different past, where something did or did not happen, and we imagine a different result: … Real conditionals Some conditions seem more real to us than others. Real conditionals refer to things that are true, that have happened, or are very likely to happen: … Types of conditional: summary The table shows how the main types of conditionals relate to one another. … If + should We can use if with should to refer to events which might happen by chance or by accident: … Conditional clauses with will or would Will and would can be used in conditional clauses, either with the meaning of ‘being willing to do something’, or to refer to later results: … Mixed conditionals Often, things that did or did not happen in the past have results which continue or are still important in the present. We can emphasise this by using if with a past perfect verb, and would in the main clause. … Conditionals in speaking In speaking, we often use if-clauses without main clauses, especially when asking people politely to do things. If is usually followed by will, would, can or could when it is used to be polite: … Conditionals: other expressions (unless, should, as long as) Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‘if … not’ or ‘except if’. … Unless Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‘if … not’ or ‘except if’. … If If is a conjunction. … If or when? We use if to introduce a possible or unreal situation or condition. We use when to refer to the time of a future situation or condition that we are certain of: … If: conditions We often use if to introduce possible or impossible situations or conditions and their results. The situations or conditions can be real, imagined or uncertain: … If possible, if necessary We can sometimes leave words out after if to form fixed expressions: … If so, if not We use so or not after if when it is obvious what we are referring to: … Even if We can use even if to mean if when talking about surprising or extreme situations: … If: reporting questions We use if to introduce reported yes-no questions and questions with or. … If and politeness In speaking, we often use if to introduce a polite request. If is usually followed by modal verbs will, would, can or could when it is used to be polite: … When or if? We use when to refer to a future situation or condition that we are certain of, whereas we use if to introduce a possible or unreal situation. … Whether not if We use whether and not if after prepositions: … I doubt if, I don’t know whether We use if or whether to introduce clauses after verbs of doubting: … If, whether: typical errors We use whether, not if, before to-infinitives: … If or whether? … If and whether: indirect questions We can use if or whether to report indirect yes-no questions and questions with or. If is more common than whether: … Idiomsif and when if anything if I were you if need be if you will if noun[ Cusually singular ] informaluk /ɪf/ us /ɪf/ something that is not certain or not yet decided: 不确定因素;未决之事;疑问 big ifThere's a big if hanging over the project (= it is uncertain whether the project will happen).这个计划能否启动仍然悬而未决。 Suspecting & questioning ask questions of someone/somethingidiom challengingly cynic cynical about someone/something cynically cynicism doubt interrogate query reservation reserve sceptic sceptical sceptically scepticism skeptical skeptically suspect suspected suspiciously Idiomno ifs or buts if | American Dictionaryif conjunction us/ɪf/ ifconjunction (IN THAT SITUATION)used to say that a particular thing can or will happen when, only when, or after something else happens or becomes true: We’ll have the party in the backyard if the weather’s good. If anyone calls for me, just say I’ll be back at 4 o’clock. Would you mind if I opened the window (= May I open it)? If is also used to talk about the amount or degree of something: This time of year we get little, if any, rain (= almost none). If can mean when: If I don’t have a cup of coffee in the morning, I’m useless. If can also mean in case it is true that: I’m sorry if I’ve offended you. if it weren't for When you say if it weren't for or (alsoif it hadn't been for)something, you mean if it were not true or had not happened, the situation would be different: If it weren’t for your help, we would never have finished in time. ifconjunction (WHETHER)(used to introduce a clause, often when reporting what someone else said) whether: Mrs. Kramer called to ask if her cake was ready. Idiomsif all else fails if and when if I were you if need be if only if the worst comes to the worst if you will if noun[ C ] us/ɪf/ ifnoun[C] (UNCERTAIN SITUATION)something that is not yet certain or not yet decided: The plan contains a lot of ifs. |
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