| 词汇 | homologous-chromosomes |
| 释义 | homologous chromosomes noun[ plural ] biology specializeduk /həˌmɒl.ə.ɡəs ˈkrəʊ.mə.səʊmz/ us /hoʊˌmɑː.lə.ɡəs ˈkroʊ.mə.soʊmz/ two chromosomes(= cell parts that control what an animal or plant is like), one from the father and one from the mother, that come together during meiosis(= cell division that happens as part of reproduction)同源染色体 Cells actin anaphase anti-platelet assort axoplasm histochemistry histography infiltration intercellular intermitotic nerve fibre neurofibril neurofibrillary neuroglia neuroglial tetrad thrombocyte thymocyte turgor unciliated Examples of homologous chromosomeshomologous chromosomes The first of these divisions is initiated in fetal life but the all important segregation of paired homologouschromosomes takes place after puberty. The first requirement is for close pairing of homologouschromosomes, followed by recombination between non-sister chromatids. The population of 1000 lines provided a first test of the feasibility of assembling a map with both simplex and duplex markers linking the homologouschromosomes. Heterozygosity for an inversion induces a loop structure in paired homologouschromosomes and thus inversions are easy to detect cytologically. Homologues separate, the first polar body is extruded and an interphase pronucleus' carrying one set of homologouschromosomes reforms. After oocyte activation, homologouschromosomes segregate between the oocyte and the first polar body, and a diploid pronucleus-like nucleus reforms from the one set of dyads. First, to achieve proper segregation, each pair of homologouschromosomes must be linked to each other to maintain a certain level of tension between them. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Balancer chromosomes can be used as a genetic tool to prevent crossing over (genetic recombination) between homologouschromosomes during meiosis. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Bivalents are formed as two homologouschromosomes undergo recombination. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The infinitesimal model reduces to the continuum of alleles model if there is no recombination between homologouschromosomes. The recessive mutation tufted was used as a reliable genetic marker to trace transmission of the homologouschromosomes. These events include the migration of the spindle, disassembly of microtubules, the separation of homologouschromosomes, and the formation and extrusion of the polar body. This implies that diploid individuals tend to ' mask ' deleterious mutations with ' normal ' alleles carried on the homologouschromosomes. We further suggest that selection may act on the difference in size between the two alleles borne by homologouschromosomes in a diploid individual. Two molecular processes generating variability have been proposed : replication slippage due to slipped-strand mispairing and unequal recombination between homologouschromosomes (or chromatids). See all examples of homologous chromosomes These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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