| 词汇 | hard |
| 释义 | hard adjective uk /hɑːd/ us /hɑːrd/ hardadjective (SOLID)A2 not easy to bend, cut, or break: 坚硬的，坚固的 a hard surface坚硬的表面 There was a heavy frost last night and the ground is still hard.昨晚霜冻很严重，地面现在仍很坚硬。 Heating the clay makes it hard.黏土加热会变硬。 Opposite soft not bending or changing shape easily hardIf you hit your head on a hard surface, see a doctor. stiffPost the picture in a stiff cardboard envelope so it doesn't get crumpled. rigidThe sculpture was a rigid steel and concrete structure. solidDry the clay until it's solid. firmI prefer a firm mattress. Babies like to chew on hard objects when they're teething. The ground was frozen hard and was impossible to dig.土地冻实了，根本挖不动。 Brazil nuts have very hard shells.巴西果的壳很坚硬。 For running on hard roads, you need shoes with extra cushioning to absorb the shock. Mahogany is a hard wood and pine is a soft wood.红木是硬木，松木是软木。 Hard and firm (as) stiff/straight as a ramrodidiom adamantine cast iron congealed crisply dilatancy dilatant erect firm firmness fossilized ossified petrified ramrod rigid rigidity solidly temper unjointed unyielding hardadjective (DIFFICULT)A1 difficult to understand, do, experience, or deal with: 困难的，费力的 There were some really hard questions in the exam.考试中有一些很难做的题目。 it's hard to sayIt's hard to say which of them is lying.很难说他们当中哪个在说谎。 It's hard being a single mother.做单身母亲很艰难。 hard to doHer handwriting is very hard to read.她的字迹很难辨认。 hard to pleaseHe's a hard man to please.他是个难以取悦的人。 get hardThe topics get harder later in the course.在以后的课程中题目会更难。 hard timeI feel sorry for the kids, too - they've had a hard time.我也觉得对不起孩子们——他们那一段过得很苦。 Opposite easy not easy to deal with or understand difficultIt's very difficult to find a job in this city. hardThe exam was really hard. complicatedThe instructions were so complicated I just couldn't follow them. complexDesigning a house is a complex process. trickyIt's quite tricky getting the puzzle pieces to fit together. I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost concentration. The exam is so hard that only 5% of all applicants pass. It was hard to be angry with him when he looked so penitent.当他看起来那么懊悔时，很难对他发火。 They find it hard to live on their state pension. Ending a relationship is always hard but in this case it's for the best.结束一段感情总是很难的，但这样做终究会对你有好处的。 The teacher found it hard to keep her class in order.老师发现很难维持课堂秩序。 Difficult to understand abstruse abstrusely ambiguity ambiguous ambiguously esoteric esoterically fathomless fathomlessly garble it's all Greek to meidiom labyrinthine lost non-intuitive obscurely unintuitively unreadable verbiage verbosely verbosity You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Complicated and difficult to do hardadjective (USING EFFORT)B1 needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort: 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 Go on - give it a good hard push!继续——用力推一把！ hard workIt was hard work on the farm but satisfying.农场的活儿很辛苦，但让人有满足感。 After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.干了那么多活儿，你该休假了。 Give the rope a hard pull.使劲拽一下绳子。 I gave the door a hard push, but it still wouldn't open.我使劲推了一下门，但还是打不开。 After a hard climb, we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky.一番艰苦的攀登之后，我们得到了回报，看见了蔚蓝的夏日晴空下群山起伏的如画美景。 The last part of the course is much harder. Complicated and difficult to do advanced ambitious ambitiously another arduous formidable formidably get blood out of/from a stoneidiom grail gruelling onerous onerously overdemanding painstaking picnic toughen trickily tricky tuff ultra-sensitive hardadjective (SEVERE)B2 not pleasant or gentle; severe: 严厉的，苛刻的 You have to be quite hard to succeed in the property business.要想在房地产生意中获得成功，你必须相当强硬才行。 Ooh, you're a hard woman, Elaine!噢，你真是个硬心肠的女人，伊莱恩！ hard timeOur boss has been giving us all a hard time at work (= making our time at work difficult). Life can be hard at times for these nomadic people. Synonyms austere bleak comfortlessformal harsh(UNKIND) inhospitable(PLACE) rough(DIFFICULT) severe(VERY SERIOUS) spartan be hard on someone B2 to criticize someone severely, or to treat someone unfairly: 对（某人）严厉批评;对（某人）不公平 Don't be too hard on him - he's new to the job.别对他太苛刻——他刚开始做这项工作。 Synonyms barbaric barbarousformal brutal callous cruel despotic harsh(UNKIND) inhuman sadistic savage tyrannical tyrannous vicious The authorities plan to come down hard on truancy in future.当局计划将来严惩逃学者。 "Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her, " he conceded.“好吧，也许我对她是有点苛刻，”他承认道。 The instructors worked us very hard on the survival course. Watch out for those two - they're well hard. Sports equipment is designed to withstand hard usage.运动装备在设计上要结实耐用。 Severe an iron hand/fist in a velvet gloveidiom austere austerely authoritarian be heavy on someoneidiom brutally flaming flinty harsh harshness non-authoritarian nonsense not stand any nonsenseidiom severe severely severity sharply sharpness sternly take a hard line on someone/somethingidiom hardadjective (ALCOHOL)[ before noun ] A hard drink contains a high level of alcohol: （酒）烈性的，酒精含量高的 hard liquorWine, beer and hard liquor can be purchased only at state-run liquor stores. Alcohol - general words alcoholic alcopop Angostura aperitif bevvy booze intoxicant juice kick libation liquid lunch liquor pre-drinking predrinks pregaming preload preloading specific gravity usual vinosity hardadjective (WATER)Hard water contains a high level of minerals that prevent soap from cleaning.（水）硬的，含矿物质较多的 Water in general aqua aquatically bathwater bathymetric bathymetrically bathymetry brackish briny dishwater distilled water hydrosphere hydrospheric hypersaline hypersalinity non-turbulent overwater salt water soft water storm surge wet hardadjective (CLEAR)[ before noun ] able to be proved: 可证实的；可证明的 hard facts/evidence确凿的事实／证据 Certainty (as) clear as dayidiom (as) sure as eggs is eggsidiom and that's flat!idiom assure someone of something assured decidedly deffo definite definitely definitive inviolably ironclad irrefutable irrefutably make no mistake (about it)idiom unquestionably unreserved unreservedly watertight would hardadjective (WEATHER)used to describe a time when there is bad weather: （指某个时间）天气恶劣的 hard winterWe had a very hard winter last year.去年冬天天气非常恶劣。 Describing bad weather bleakly bleakness broke depression dreich fickle fickleness hostile murk murky roughness sock sock something/someone in (with sb) sunless threatening treacherously trough unflyable unseasonable wuthering Related wordhardness GrammarHard Hard is both an adjective and an adverb. When it is an adverb, it means ‘needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort’. It goes after the main verb: … Idiomsbe no hard and fast rules hard feelings hard luck! (that's) your hard luck hard to swallow the hard way take a hard line on someone/something hard adverb uk /hɑːd/ us /hɑːrd/ hardadverb (USING EFFORT)A1 with a lot of physical or mental effort: 费劲地，努力地，艰难地 Work hard and play hard, that's my motto.努力工作痛快玩，这是我的座右铭。 I'm not surprised he failed his exam - he didn't exactly try very hard!他没通过考试我一点都不感到奇怪——他根本就没用功。 Judy has never been very clever, but she tries hard.朱迪向来不是很聪明，可是她很用功。 I don't like the man, but I have to admit that he works incredibly hard. This type of glass won't shatter no matter how hard you hit it.这种玻璃无论你怎么敲击都不会碎。 I kicked the ball as hard as I could.我用尽全力踢球。 Blow really hard into the tube. Effort and expending energy assiduity assiduous assiduously assiduousness be running on emptyidiom burn effort effortful effortfully elbow grease hamster wheel kill perseverance plough plough through something push put something in/put something into something rearguard action struggle swing hardadverb (WEATHER)B1 If it rains or snows hard, it rains or snows a lot: （雨或雪下得）猛烈地，大量地 It had been raining hard most of the afternoon.大半个下午都在下暴雨。 Describing bad weather bleakly bleakness broke depression dreich fickle fickleness hostile murk murky roughness sock sock something/someone in (with sb) sunless threatening treacherously trough unflyable unseasonable wuthering GrammarHard Hard is both an adjective and an adverb. When it is an adverb, it means ‘needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort’. It goes after the main verb: … Idiomsfeel hard done-by hard at it hard | American Dictionaryhard adjective[ -er/-est only ] us/hɑrd/ hardadjective[-er/-est only] (SOLID)firm and solid, or not easy to bend, cut, or break: It hadn’t rained in a long time, and the ground was hard. He chewed on something hard and was afraid he’d broken a tooth. hardadjective[-er/-est only] (DIFFICULT)difficult to understand or do: hard questions to answer [ + to infinitive ]It’s hard to say which of them is lying. It’s hard being a working mother. [ + to infinitive ]Her handwriting is hard to read. She always does things the hard way (= makes things more difficult to do). I find her books hard going (= difficult and tiring). hardadjective[-er/-est only] (USING EFFORT)needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort: Qualifying as a surgeon is hard work. We had fun cycling, but it was hard to go up the hills. hardadjective[-er/-est only] (SEVERE)not pleasant or gentle; severe: She’s had a hard life. His boss is giving him a hard time (= is being unpleasant to him). Don’t be too hard on her – she’s just learning the job. Someone who is hard on a piece of clothing tends to damage it quickly: I’m very hard on shoes. If water is hard, it contains minerals (= chemical substances) that prevent soap from producing bubbles and cleaning easily. hardadjective[-er/-est only] (DRUG)(of a drug) dangerous and addictive (= giving you the habit of taking it), or (of a drink) containing a large amount of alcohol hardadjective[-er/-est only] (BASED ON FACTS)able to be proven: hard evidence Idiomshard feelings hard to swallow hard adverb[ -er/-est only ] us/hɑrd/ hardadverb[-er/-est only] (WITH EFFORT)with a lot of physical or mental effort: You have to push the door hard to open it. If something is hard-earned or hard-won, it was achieved only after a lot of effort: hard-earned money/knowledge/fame hard-won freedoms/battles hardadverb[-er/-est only] (SEVERELY)in a severe or forceful way: They took the defeat hard. It’s raining hard. She stepped on my toe really hard. hard | Business Englishhard adjective uk /hɑːd/us [ before noun ] used to describe information that can be proved: hard facts/figures/numbersThere are no hard numbers on viewership levels. The report documented hard evidence of problems at the refinery, including long overdue or bypassed inspections. [ usually before noun ] FINANCE, INSURANCE used to describe a market in which prices are high: The best time to market for new business that will carry you through a soft market is when the market is hard. Many experts expect the hard market to last for at least 18 months, allowing the company to boost margins by more than 10 per cent. Compare soft hard to swallow difficult to believe or accept: With European governments having so much invested in the company, outsourcing and downsizing have been hard to swallow. See alsodrive a hard bargain Examples of hardhard While purely indefinite examples are hard to come by, verbal gerunds do participate in the ambiguity patterns also found for bare nominal gerunds. However, it is hard to push the analysis of the random process to the very end using differential equations. Enthusiasm, however, can be 'overdone', as one respondent told me who, with his friends, used to laugh at the teacher who was 'trying too hard'! He was as gifted in telling people what they wanted to hear as most hard-up humanists of his day. That experience taught me that life's zero-sum nature imposes the hard responsibility of using limited time and energy wisely. The impact of all this propaganda on her students is hard to gauge. His work is a chore to be suffered and is hard to come to terms with. Individual video images were subsequently transferred on to the hard disk of the host computer. Stereotypes lacking even a kernel of truth are hard to sustain and unlikely to spread. The twentieth century was hard on faith in classical objectivity, and in several domains at once. One thing is that it is harder to compartmentalize and be useful. It is hard to imagine that visual selection for disease resistance and agronomic type would not take place. Unfortunately, some examples are unglossed or otherwise hard to interpret, and the argumentation is sometimes less than totally clear. Thus, remarriage risk might be negatively correlated with hard times, marked by a rise in grain prices. Our goals were to determine if producers could identify and then rank growth traits that determined yield potential of hard red spring wheat. See all examples of hard These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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