词汇 | handloom |
释义 | BETA Examples of handloomhandloom isn’t in the Cambridge Dictionary yet. You can help! Associated with the increased size of handloom workshops in some cases were changes in the division of labour. Here, residual handloom weaving coalesced with commercial agricultural production to meet the needs of booming textile towns, bleaching and the provision of traditional and new services. Historical sources do suggest examples of the headman being absorbed in supervisory roles in plantations, whereas the handloom weaver elite enjoyed elitehood inside the textile mills. Some of these industries were certainly declining, characterized as exploitative low-skilled, low-paid occupations performed by outworkers for urban-based manufacturers (handloom weaving and pillow lacemaking being good examples). In 1818 + 21 over half of the occupied population in seven districts, and between 30 and 50 per cent in 32 of the 55 others, were handloom weavers. The quantity of cloth she produced depended upon her skill, the performance of her handloom, and her working hours. The workforce tended to be drawn from the ' super-exploitable ' and consisted mainly of young female machine operators and male handloom weavers. That is to say, they were framework knitters, handloom weavers, mill operatives, building workers, general labourers, shopkeepers, craftsmen, and so forth. The shape of capital-labour relations among the handlooms remained highly heterogeneous. Each domestic weaver operated a handloom to weave cloth. Finally, it is removed from the sticks and tied in small bundles to be sent to the power-loom factories or handloom sheds. Changes in the larger economy had influenced all handloom weavers, but these had not determined any particular form of production relations. The handloom workshops showed no signs of developing into large factories or of adopting intense regimes of labour discipline. The structure of manufacture in the handloom industry was instead shaped by the micropolitics of the artisan household and workshop. The recommendation was rejected by the government on the ground, among others, that the handloom weavers had been poorly represented in the inquiry. Considerable excess demand still remained, met by the resources of the cottage handlooms. Second, most tended to specialize in weaving rather than to divide their work time between agriculture and the handloom. This structure thus was one well adapted (from the shahukar's perspective) to the rapidly fluctuating markets in handloom cloth. For a comparison, cotton and silk handlooms numbered approximately two million. By 1830 it had a mechanized cotton-spinning industry, a substantial handloom-weaving sector, and a rapidly growing cotton hosiery industry. |
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