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词汇 fouling
释义 fouling
present participle offoul
foul
verb
uk /faʊl/ us /faʊl/

foulverb (SPORT)


[ I or T ]
to do something against the rules of a sport犯规
[ I or T ]
in baseball, to hit a ball outside the playing area(棒球比赛中的)界外击球
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

General terms used in ball sports
aggregate score
assist
attacking
back pass
backhanded
bend
hat trick
indirect free kick
interception
kicker
launch angle
lay someone off
loft
pitch
square ball
stiff-arm
stroke
swat
takeaway
tap in

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:


Baseball & rounders

foulverb (MAKE DIRTY)


[ T ]formal
to spoil or damage something by making it dirty: 弄脏;污染
The oil spill fouled the river and destroyed habitats.石油泄漏污染了河流,破坏了野生动物聚居地。
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Making things dirty & untidy
blacken
clutter
clutter something up
contaminate
defile
dirty
mark
mess
mix
mix someone/something up
muddle
muddle something up
muss
pollute
polluter
recontaminate
soil
stain
tarnish
the polluter pays principleidiom

Phrasal verbs


foul out
foul (something) up

Examples of fouling


fouling

In English, many past and present participles of verbs can be used as adjectives. Some of these examples may show the adjective use.


Since the efficiency and performance of this technology is strongly hindered by fouling, future developments in membrane filters strive to reduce this phenomenon.
Photocatalytic oxidation of organic substrates requires an electron acceptor, light of the proper wavelength, and low concentrations of catalyst fouling agents or interfering radical scavengers.
Several epibiotic, or fouling, organisms use cockle shells as attachment substrates and even compete for space in areas where they are abundant.
Furthermore, local fisheries and the marine environment in general are affected by operational discharges (such as oil spillage), hull fouling and similar threats.
Finally, photocatalytic oxidation of the desired species may be inhibited by the presence of catalyst fouling agents and radical scavengers.
This necessitated regular cleaning to remove fouling material.
A fully automated "single-strand" test cell is employed to determine the most fouling-resistant plasma modification method.
The long nozzle was made in order to prevent the plate from fouling the acoustic damping material on the rig a t the smaller angles of inclination.
Fouling of gastropods : a role for parasites?
As current knowledge of microbial colonization of common coil-coating paints is very limited, laboratory methods to investigate microbial fouling have to be extrapolated to workplace conditions.
Biofilm on technical surfaces often incurs costs owing to, for example, microbially introduced corrosion, fouling, restricted flow or reduced heat conductance.
It is doing so for three reasons; first, because of dangerous dogs; secondly, because of fouling; and thirdly because of strays.
From the
Hansard archive

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
That is the dog nuisance —fouling pavements, parks and play areas where people want to play rugby, soccer or any other game.
From the
Hansard archive

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
I used to get complaints about blocking the pavements, about shouting obscene remarks at unoffending passers-by, and about fouling the neighbourhood in various nasty ways.
From the
Hansard archive

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
To that danger should be added the nuisance of the fouling of pavements and playgrounds by dogs that are not controlled by their owners.
From the
Hansard archive

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
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