词汇 | feudal |
释义 | feudal adjective uk /ˈfjuː.dəl/ us /ˈfjuː.dəl/ relating to the social system of western Europe in the Middle Ages or any society that is organized according to rank. In a feudal society, people at one level of society receive land to live and work on from those higher than them in rank, and in return have to work for them and fight for them if necessary, sometimes also giving them some of the food they produce: 封建(制度)的 the feudal system封建制度 a feudal lord/kingdom/society封建地主/王国/社会 Middle Ages (medieval Period) 501-1500 alchemy Anglo-Saxon bestiary Black Death bubonic plague byzantine chivalric Hijrah joust Lancastrian mangonel mead hall mediaeval Norman pre-Columbian pre-feudal Romanesque the Norman Conquest troubadour Yorkist Related wordfeudalism Examples of feudalfeudal When luxury destroyed baronial power, it released the gentry from their feudal dependence and enlarged their power and authority. The new elite was just as dependent upon the rural sector for its income as was the old feudal elite. Its reformist zeal was most evident in the desire to abolish pre-capitalist modes of agricultural production symbolised by feudal intermediaries or zamindars. But strong traditional, and even feudal aspects of their lives remained, as did their isolation in scattered courtyard farms. All such commentators divided the ' gentle ' from the ' commons ' according to formulaic social categories derived from legal and feudal distinctions. Often the two coincided, with those living together dividing state and feudal burdens among themselves. He was clearly thinking of aristocratic, feudal and militaristic regimes, in which nobles kept retinues of armed men, flunkeys and attendants. Such division was often met by those who had held large feudal estates, and by the tribal leaders, with displeasure and opposition. The burghers had grown strong in feudal society and wanted a suitable position among the estates. The designation derives from the ancient feudal system, where the imperial domain was conceived to be one thousand li square. It is, however, a decisive link that brings speculation into a still feudal world. The whole question of traditional ' feudal ' tenures and their demise complicates matters enormously. For example, in feudal society social actions such as trade and craft production were spatially defined as towns that are regarded as locales. However, the assessment and collection of revenue was arbitrary and subject to the whims of the ruling feudal elite. B-raha m-s- also has a strong identity as a folk genre which would have aa diluted any association with feudal life. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
随便看 |
反思网英语在线翻译词典收录了377474条英语词汇在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的中英文双语翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。