| 词汇 | fermion |
| 释义 | fermion noun[ C ] physics specializeduk /ˈfɜː.mi.ɒn/ us /ˈfɝː.miˌɑːn/ a type of subatomic particle(= an extremely small piece of matter that is smaller than an atom, or found inside an atom): 费米子 Despite being endlessly varied, matter actually contains only two kinds of building blocks: bosons and fermions.尽管物质变化无穷，但实际上它只包含两种构件: 玻色子和费米子。 Electrons, protons, and quarks are all fermions. For a long time, cosmologists had expected the plasma to be a gas of weakly interacting fermions. A fermion can be thought of as containing a tiny bar magnet. In the 1970s, scientists divided particles into two families, bosons and fermions, according to their spin pattern. Physics: atoms, molecules & sub-atomic particles acceptor alpha particle anti-radical antilepton antimatter antineutrino beta decay beta particle Higgs boson interatomic interelectronic interionic intermolecular monatomic multi-molecular multiparticle muon neutrino positron relative atomic mass Examples of fermionfermion Consider, for example, a gas consisting of fermions (proteons or electrons). Here the effective particles (the contacts) behave like fermions, since no more than one bond can 'occupy' a contact. Besides, fermion loops are essential constituents of the corrections to the exchange boson propagators. Bosons and fermions are merely two extreme cases; there is a continuous range of possibilities between them. This has been shown in many different systems such as nuclei, atoms, quantum dots, interacting fermions, quantum spin glasses, and so on. The problem of the average number of fermions resolves itself once we realize that the tightly packed fermions in the low temperature state have little room to move. As a brief aside, note that the number of distribution for fermions is even easier to compute in the sense that it does not involve infinite sums. Notice that as the temperature rises, the average number of fermions we should expect to find decreases. At very high temperatures, where only half of the states are occupied, there is plenty of room for the fermions to move and hence exchange energy. The usual method is to tensor with fermions, as one then has a canonical differential. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. One of the simplest examples is the vertex operator superalgebra generated by a single free fermion. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They are a composite fermion and hence have an associated magnetic moment. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This is because of the spin-statistics theorem, which means that fermions will have a negative contribution and bosons a positive contribution. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. In an actual superconductor, the charged particles are electrons, which are fermions not bosons. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These new neutrinos would interact with the other fermions solely in this way, so are not phenomenologically excluded. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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