| 词汇 | federalism |
| 释义 | federalism noun[ U ] politicsuk /ˈfed.ər.əl.ɪ.zəm/ us /ˈfed.ɚ.əl.ɪ.zəm/ the system of giving power to a central authority联邦制，联邦主义 Systems of government absolutism advanced capitalism ancien régime anti-apartheid anti-communism democrat democratic democratically democratization democratize kakistocracy kleptocracy kleptocratic majority rule martial law plutocratic police state post-apartheid pre-fascist pure democracy Federalism has in its very essence, and even as it exists in America, at least two special faults. Federalism, in short, would mean the weakness of Great Britain, both at home and abroad. Home Rule is the first stage to federalism. The study of federalism, as a system of government, has in recent times become a favorite subject for constitutional writers. This we have seen to be the real purport of American federalism. federalism | American Dictionaryfederalism noun[ U ] us/ˈfed·ər·əˌlɪz·əm/ a system of government in which states unite and give up some of their powers to a central authority Examples of federalismfederalism But its explanatory power appears to wane after the 1930s, and it ultimately seems less important than either federalism or overall government structure. There is the behavioral tradition in understanding federalism. Studies of fiscal federalism have shown that in mature federations a single currency zone is paralleled with fiscal transfers. Such actors may be motivated less by the genuine commitment to economic liberalism and fiscal federalism than by pragmatic considerations. As has been noted earlier, neither partition nor territorial federalism are viable alternatives. They rely on formal structures (simple majority rule, federalism, written constitutions) and informal modes of interaction (culture, ideology, morale, and leadership). Indeed, after the mid 1980s, federalism became a popular topic within the reform leadership and its think-tanks. Competitive forces within the structure of cooperative federalism have thus been strengthened. It presents a theory of regulatory federalism that explains how the basic institutional structures of federal-type polities shape the development of regulatory policy. Federalism presents itself in various forms of institutional arrangement. Nor are clear directions given with regard to other aspects of federalism. It conceives its participation in the political system as implying a reform of the state, in the form of federalism. The second twist is that it is hard to separate questions of political economy and questions of federalism when discussing workers' compensation. The theory of regulatory federalism suggests that the politics of competence should develop following the pattern described above in each case. Autonomy can also come in the form of federalism in which segments of a split society are represented in geographically concentrated regions. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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