| 词汇 | example_english_winner |
| 释义 | Examples of winnerThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. We can take this a bit farther: if reforms are embraced by losers and winners alike why are electoral institutions so stable? Plan conversions produce potential winners and losers compared to expectations of benefits under the old plan. A possible system-wide solution would involve a negotiated or 'market-like exchange', whereby the winners compensate the losers. However, the tick feeding aggregation creates not only mutual winners, but also some losers (discussed above). She stresses how much she wants to reject the thinking behind terms such as ' winners and losers, centers and margins, progress and regress ' (p. 5). As a whole, the rural population appears to have considered that there were both winners and losers following movement to towns. Once in place, new democratic institutions produce both expected and unexpected winners and losers, prompting political actors to respond strategically to the new institutional incentives. Two transitions are necessary - to a market economy and a democratic polity - and each produces losers as well as winners. Market-oriented policy reforms alter the distribution of resources in society, producing winners and losers, and tamper with regulatory and distributive bargains that implicate powerful interests. Table 6 reports a final experiment designed to evaluate how winners and losers reason about changing electoral rules. Although the values of modesty were never overthrown in the contest itself, the real winners were those women whose exterior beauty was displayed more ostentatiously. The genetic algorithm selection tournament was conducted anew, followed by another application of the crossover and mutation operators on the winners. Table 3 also compares big winners (those who never respond as a loser on our three measures) to losers. Majorities of losers were supportive of proportional representation, while majorities of winners were opposed. In contrast, being among the congressional winners or losers does not seem to make a difference. In particular losers see the reduction of the value of their production fall significantly more (in percentage) than the percentage increase that winners observe. Losers tend to generate more political pressure than winners. Since voting generates winners and losers, the losers are unhappy even when they had a chance to vote for their favorite option. Thus, while risk inevitably involves losers, at the same time there are also winners. An interest group approach focusing exclusively on concentrated winners and losers is unlikely to offer adequate explanations. Anyway, the winners have been available symbolically, that is, as formal proofs, for at least a century. We find losers more risk aversive than winners in just one of the six tests. The financial well-being of academic health centers and the continued generous compensation of medical school faculty have been the winners; education and research, the losers. Although appeal to the risks of change may dampen winners' support for reforms, appeals to risk may not dissuade losers from wanting change. If not, which are the winners, which are the losers? There are both winners and losers when media change. The winners may promote discriminatory measures to maintain their edge over the losers. Thus, our major question of interest is, are losers less risk averse than winners when reasoning about proposals for changing electoral institutions? Table 2 reports descriptive data illustrating differences in support for reform proposals across electoral winners and losers. When disruption of this magnitude occurs, winners and losers are created, and the losers often fail to accept their losses without a fight. We speculate that the experience of winning and losing has the most pronounced impact on people's attitudes when winners and losers are clearly defined. Thus, within each country engaged in trade there are distinct winners and losers. First, generational accounting frames the discussion in terms of generational conflict - the old against the young, parents against children, winners against losers. The results give important insights into the systemic impacts of environmental policies as well identifying and quantifying the potential impacts to the winners and losers. Building exporters (or, creating winners) before creating losers seems a much more sensible strategy. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. The history of the world is a history of armed struggles; the winners write history, while the losers risk disappearing from the gene pool. Nevertheless, there is no attested case of nasal harmony with an optimal output like any of the winners in (50). Recently, some authors paid their attention to the winner's rent in a k-price auction and derive several interesting conclusions. Second, the difference in structure between primary voters and the general electorate means that some primary winners are not necessarily competitive in general elections. There are no clear winners among these strict codes; their heap requirements are very similar. I code 1 for incumbent candidates and 0 for non-incumbent winners. In this period, there have been 496 contested incumbents and non-incumbent winners whose policy position data are available. Even if the winners from trade liberalization are added to the game, it may not make ratification easier. Such outcomes may have a greater impact for winners who have been in opposition longer. The winners, quite clearly, are the small towns of the north and northeast. Finally, we find that new growth coalitions do need winners in order to be sustained. Most of those were non-competitive, with an average winner's share of close to 90 per cent. Indeed, once they have their project, the initial winners had even more incentive to renege. Moreover, we find that voting for the congressional winners does not attenuate this effect. Unfortunately, in reality, the question of winners and losers very often cannot be avoided in public policy decisions. Regarding the sectors, there are many similarities between winners and losers under both offsetting instruments. In any drastic social change there are likely to be winners and losers. The procedural winners and losers are necessarily substantive winners and losers. Coping with family transitions : winners, losers and survivors. We thus turn the tree of winners into a tree of losers. Significant difference between winners and losers in response to risk frame (reading across, p 0.14). Respondents are classified as winners and losers based on their responses to the three electoral loss questions. A straightforward hypothesis of risk aversion would suggest that, like winners, losers are likely to shy away from the risks of change. The gap is even larger (29.4 per cent) when big winners are compared to losers. Do considerations of risk associated with institutional change affect winners and losers the same way? Do losers have higher protest potential than winners? The electoral system may help to mediate the differences between winners and losers. Specifically, we have to determine whether voters are among the winners or losers. Thus, in 1972, presidential winners were significantly more trusting of government generally than presidential losers. Below, we examine how voters' experiences as electoral winners and losers affect their feelings of government trust. The competition was profound, with no neutral ground from which to identify winners and losers. Consistent winners may sometimes have less athletic ability than losers. In the case of our nation, that could mean enormous, perhaps overwhelming, corporate monopoly winners that drive out all alternative life opportunities. When winners were prompted to consider that a reform might come at some cost, their support for reform declined. The real winners were those who made money from capital gains and dividends. In terms of the list of conditions outlined above we expect, among winners, support for change to be higher under condition (a) than condition (c). Support for each proposal was thus consistently lower among winners who were presented the risky version of the reform proposal. We also classified respondents according to whether they voted for the presidential and congressional winners in their districts or states. First, need criteria could explain whether winners achieved the needs-related strategic objectives. Until the opposition finds a way of retaining its winners, any victory will prove temporary. One of the winners has been the private sector. Still, a broad-brush assessment of the composite index seemed to identify losers and winners better than any single factor. Successful reform may well have required some blurring of perceptions of likely winners and losers at the time of the legislative debate. Later, these ' unexpected ' winners hinder the implementation of second generation reforms that eventually reduce the rents acquired in the first round. His contention that the nation with the strongest labour force ' presided ' over world civilisation clearly implied a struggle with winners and losers. The big winners in the gold rush were those who supplied the miners with food, clothing and equipment. Pupils with a dyspraxic profile are also winners in the technology revolution. The overall pattern of resources followed this gender-specific pattern, and 10 of the 12 ' winners ' were men. Neonatology is the most lucrative practice of pediatrics ever enjoyed by a specialty that is near the bottom of the list of the money winners. The change models indicate that electoral outcomes can lead to greater system support among the winners while depressing support for the losers. There are more living arthropod species than all other phyla combined; if diversity is a measure of success then the arthropods are the easy winners. Following detailed briefings and extended site visits, designs are then produced, and presented, and winners chosen. Certainly the free verse of the award winners can hardly be faulted. They get said, again and again, where individuals conflict, and where the winners take more than equal shares. Such life-forms would be winners in the race to colonize new worlds. The first tier consists of 176 seats, which are filled by the winners of run-off elections in single-member districts. A great deal of attention is typically paid to the winners in any political setting. Big winners are those classified as winners on all three questions. Thus, congressional winners in both 1972 and in 1996 frequently were also presidential losers. Because people prefer winning over losing, the winners are less likely and the losers more likely to push for radical changes in the system. The need is to continually map the winners and the losers that are hidden in arguments of principles. In figures, the proportion of winners has been presented as deviations from 50%. In fact, this museum-based view often considers these artists bigger winners than those who achieve big sales while alive. In the deteriorating economy, winners failed to emerge, and the foundation of the growth coalition was fatally undermined. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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