| 词汇 | example_english_white-matter |
| 释义 | Examples of white matterThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The cerebellar whitematter volume showed an unexpected and striking abnormality. Periventricular brain structures and whitematter tracts are particularly vulnerable to damage. To date, only two such structures have been identified: the parieto-temporo-occipital cortical junction and the ventromesial frontal whitematter. Premature delivery can interrupt this process and perturb the structure of the whitematter. Increased microglial activation and protein nitration in whitematter of the aging monkey. There did not appear to be significant spread of current into underlying whitematter. In pathological terms, the authors described a striking encephalitis with an affinity for white matter areas including internal and external capsules and cerebellar peduncles. Both whitematter and grey matter volumes were greater on the left compared to the right for faster learners. In most cases, the inflammatory foci were confined to grey matter, there being minimal involvement of whitematter and paraventricular regions. Here we show that oligodendrocytes harbor peroxisomes whose function are essential for maintaining whitematter tracts throughout adult life. Thus, cortical hyperallometry is substantial even when calculations exclude primates and whitematter. Volumetric analysis was used to measure grey matter, whitematter, and cerebrospinal fluid. This abnormal brain growth appears to be due primarily to excessive enlargement cerebral whitematter and cerebral grey matter. Aspiration was used to selectively ablate only the lateral whitematter tracts and a minimal portion of the dorsal and ventral gray matter. The frontal lobe whitematter volume was significantly larger than normal and the frontal lobe gray matter showed an overall enlargement in autism. Here, we will discuss neuron-glial interactions and neurotransmitter mediated neuron-glial signalling in the whitematter of the mouse optic nerve. Between 25-75% of premature infants at autopsy have periventricular whitematter injury. The damage most likely involved neighboring frontal regions, including the underlying insula and whitematter. Within tissue with an orientated structure (such as whitematter) the diffusion of water is therefore higher in the direction of the fibre tracts. In the youngest subjects with autism, cerebellar whitematter volumes were about 38% greater than in the control group. We found that cerebellar whitematter volume and anterior cerebellar vermis area was abnormally large in all three groups. In the anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus, microglial activation was prominent at the junction of cortex and underlying whitematter. Consistent with the neural evidence of whitematter damage, preterm infants consistently exhibit difficulties on visuomotor tasks during childhood. Both hypotheses would be consistent with whitematter disease and can be difficult to detect behaviorally. A number of abnormal findings indicative of cerebral atrophy and whitematter damage were evident in the preterm sample. He states that the target zone of prefrontal leukotomy is the whitematter of a ventral mesial quadrant of the frontal lobe. Relatively delayed brain development might therefore be indicated by abnormal or delayed myelination of left anterior whitematter tracts in late childhood. Severe deep whitematter lesions and outcome in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: follow up study. The spread of this cascade to the whitematter also puts myelinating oligodendrocytes and axon tracts at risk. We found that cells accumulate in the whitematter of plptg/- mice as demyelination progresses (data not shown). Volumes of gray and whitematter in each of these structures were measured together. Thus, in the analyses of gray and whitematter, degrees of freedom were 1, 75. We then studied the specific cell types which increased in the whitematter of plptg/- mice. Most of track 2 passes through layers 5 and 6; the light area just beyond the third lesion is whitematter. To avoid breaking recording micropipettes, the cortex and whitematter overlying the head of the caudate nucleus were removed by suction. The dura was resected and the cortex was aspirated down to whitematter. Extent of cerebral whitematter lesions is related to changes on circadian blood pressure. Cells that migrated the greatest distances from the transplant site along whitematter tracts were often immature cell types that had not fully differentiated. For example, the peak of a cluster may be in gray matter with an extent large enough to include surrounding whitematter. Thus, hyperserotonemia may produce increased thickness of the gray matter in autism without affecting the whitematter. Tissue background values from adjacent whitematter were subtracted from grayscale values for each nucleus and converted to optical density. This assumption does not suffice for the whitematter system, since it implies the same connectivity for each cortical area. Examining the structure of human whitematter tracts in vivo is a challenging task. Thus, regions that show the greatest early overgrowth in autism, frontal lobe and cerebellar white matter, also show sharply reduced or arrested growth thereafter. Maturation of whitematter is associated with the development of cognitive functions during childhood. For example, the amygdala sends signals to the hippocampus through direct, temporal lobe whitematter pathways. The whitematter was markedly damaged with cystic regions. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between intra-uterine infection and the occurrence of brain whitematter lesions. Previous work suggested that in the whitematter glutamate is released in ischaemia by reversed uptake in axons and oligodendrocytes. Little labelling is evident in whitematter (wm). Astroglial densities also vary broadly in different whitematter tracts. The gauge size ensured that all laminae were involved while minimising any encroachment into adjacent grey and whitematter. The gray- and white-matter segments from the individual brain images were used to divide model-based lobar segmentations into gray and whitematter. The few studies to date that have investigated cerebral gray and whitematter separately in autistic children have yielded contradictory results. In addition, reporter expression was detected in protoplasmic astrocytes of ventral gray matter but not in fibrous astrocytes of whitematter. There is a predominance of whitematter damage in the less mature fetus with cortical, thalamic and basal ganglia damage in the mature fetus. There are many possible explanations for the increased cerebral gray and whitematter volume and cerebellar white matter volume observed in early development in autism. One anatomical consequence of abnormal interactions between regions may be differences in the extent of connectivity, involving the "whitematter" of the brain. To summarize, studies of preterm children in the infancy period provide evidence of cerebral atrophy and whitematter damage on brain scans. It should be recognised, however, that the macrophages/microglia are localised primarily within the whitematter. The diagnosis is certain when whitematter cystic lesions are visible. A decrease in cerebral blood -ow may then lead to ischaemia of the whitematter. Reactive microglial cells were observed in the preserved whitematter of dorsal funiculus near the cavity border and also in lateral funiculi. The present contribution will be based on our studies of the role of macrophages in topically induced demyelination of rodent whitematter tracts. Although astrocytes occur in whitematter, only two out of 22 biocytin-stained slices showed radial processes, which are a morphological feature of astrocytes. Labelled cells were found throughout the brain in both grey and whitematter. No grey or whitematter will be lost. The electrodes were placed in either layer 6 of the barrel cortex, the whitematter underlying it, or directly within the internal capsule. Similar cortical field potential responses were induced by stimuli delivered in the internal capsule or in the whitematter underlying the cortex. Severe deep whitematter lesions and outcome in elderly patients with major depressive disorder : follow up study. Some whitematter lesions may be vascular in origin. They also demonstrated significant central whitematter deficits in the left hemisphere anterior to the pyramidal tracts and superior to the basal ganglia. These measurements sample the permutation distribution of cluster mass under the null hypothesis of zero group difference in grey or whitematter anatomy. The inferior boundary was the whitematter of the parahippocampal gyrus. Recent technical developments in neuroimaging allow the distinction between cortical gray and whitematter. The dashed lines in the photomicrographs delimit the whitematter (wm). The gray and whitematter segments from the individual brain images were used to divide model-based segmentations into gray and whitematter. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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