| 词汇 | example_english_virulent |
| 释义 | Examples of virulentThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. However, highly virulent pathogens are prone to local extinction, and there are a number of strategies for persistence. They nevertheless continued to lurk as 'costs' of state formation and re-emerged in virulent form in the changed circumstances of the 1930s. By extrapolation of the data reported here, intra-stadial transmission may provide a means of supporting amplification and persistence of highly virulent tick-borne viruses. On the other hand, parasites from such host populations may also be less variable, because they themselves experience genetic drift, and therefore less virulent. One out of 18 antibodies reacted more strongly with avirulent than virulent parasites. The death rate was under five percent, but there was a possibility that it could become more virulent. If, therefore, an elephant slips or stumbles or a sheep transmits a virulent disease to another's flock, strict liability will apply. Given the nature of its virulent anti-semitic propaganda, it was surprising that some fairly well-connected and distinguished individuals were associated with the organization. Although the disorder is defined by the manic and hypomanic episodes, for most people the depression episodes are the more virulent aspect of the illness. Finally, additional research is needed to find more virulent and specific fungal strains. Oxytetracyclines are not usually able to control virulent field infections. Hydrolytic enzyme activity is stronger in highly virulent strains. Again, this leaves us with the problem of percentages, but in a less virulent form. They would presumably have integrated into existing fungi via horizontal gene transport to produce the newly virulent strains. Here we studied experimental mixed infections of 3 genetically distinct clones, 2 of which were virulent, and the third avirulent. Epidemiological consequences of a pathogen having both virulent and avirulent modes of transmission : the case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. However, not all strains are considered virulent strains. Following their arguments, at the beginning of the infection, when the density of uninfected cells is high, selection can favour a highly virulent virus. Although he died of tuberculosis, there was no sign of the equally virulent smallpox, against which both brothers had been vaccinated in childhood. At last there was a large enough population of susceptible hosts to sustain the most virulent organisms. By mid-century the dispute had apparently become even more virulent. Therefore, only 50% of the progeny of this cross should be virulent. By causing the prevalence of relatively benign diseases to decline, such improvements might enhance the chances of more virulent parasites to invade. However, it is not generally considered that less virulent infections dictate immediate caesarean delivery as the data available is scanty and conflicting. To reduce the chance of human infections with highly virulent rodent-borne agents such as hantaviruses, trapping and sampling protocols followed established safety guidelines [11]. Although the exercise was only partially successful, these papers document the fascinating interaction between the originally highly susceptible rabbit and the originally highly virulent virus. The potential to spread this virulent pathogen is high among such vulnerable groups. Thus, in effect, host immunity rendered a virulent parasite less virulent, with associated reductions in life-time transmission potential. Two approaches to the problem are currently being made: controlled exposure to virulent coccidia, or the development of attenuated strains for use in a vaccine. The relative virulence of the 2 clones is unaltered by dose and the more virulent clone is always more virulent. Thus even in the absence of facultative alterations in parasite reproductive rates, mixed-strain infections may be more virulent than single-strain infections. Rivalry represents a virulent form of contentious politics. The experts requested that dosage and specific standard strains for experimental virulent test infections should be determined. Furthermore, piglets can be infected with human rotaviruses, and a virulent human strain has typically been used as a challenge virus in piglet studies. Similarly, the supplementary tests facilitated identification of virulent strains among carriers of potentially invasive phenotypes [19, 22, 23]. Seroconversion in rabbits following baiting operations is more likely to result from contact of rabbits to sublethal doses of virulent virus. Rabbits were monitored for 30 days post-inoculation and then challenged orally with virulent virus. Thus, an avirulent clone cannot be transformed into a virulent clone by simply giving it a numerical boost early in the infection. The evolution of stable virulent parasites thus requires parasite factors that are genetically correlated. Mixed genotype infections were observed to be more virulent than single genotype infections, in terms of reductions in host reproductive success and survival. Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis of soluble antigens identified 11 antigens in the virulent promastigotes but only 8 in the avirulent promastigotes. Worse, the disease seemed to become more virulent. Virulent isolates can cause 100 % mortality in 7-10 days. Broadly virulent pathogens dominated highly resistant host populations, whereas weakly virulent, more aggressive pathogens dominated susceptible populations. The normal non-pathogenic flora of ambulatory and hospitalized individuals may represent a large and constant reservoir of resistance genes which are potentially transferable to virulent bacteria [1, 14]. Situations in which prior infection with the virulent, wild-type strain is required for infection by the variant, may also produce cycling and hence a dynamic coexistence of strains [29]. In the present study, we found lower recovery rate of more virulent and faster growing parasites, even in the absence of host death, but only in semiimmune mice. In this regard, any apparently asymptomatic person may develop the disease and become symptomatic, that is, the parasite may change its behaviour, becoming virulent and start to cause lesions. The mice were bled before peak parasitaemia, on days 4-6 post-infection (p. i.) for virulent lines and on days 9-10 p. i. for avirulent lines. Parasites were prepared from groups of 8 mice on days 4-6 post-infection (p. i.) for virulent lines and days 9-10 p. i. for avirulent lines. Trade-off between virulence and vertical transmission and the maintenance of a virulent plant pathogen. There was no evidence that snail reproductive success was correlated with parasite reproductive rate, and moreover, for any given reproductive rate, mixed-strain infections were still more virulent than single-strain infections. Which is the most virulent type? However, there is an important unsettled safety issue involved in the use of modified lentivirus: it is currently not known whether they can recombine back to potentially virulent wild-type virus. Previous studies show that new potentially more virulent mastitis pathogens that enter a dairy herd have the potential to cause an outbreak that could be financially devastating [3, 6]. As a consequence, it is more difficult to eradicate the less virulent strain than the more virulent one, since the less virulent strain can persist in a less dense population. Specifically, in the general population, psychopathy may consist of independently derived maladaptive personality traits that in certain individuals may combine to form a particularly virulent phenotype. Unfortunately, the majority of experimental immunization trials use homologous challenge infections that do not reflect the situation in the field where heterologous virulent challenge would occur. Although virulent clonal groups arise, diversify and decay throughout the years through genetic recombination, immune selection and mutation [15, 18, 24, 39, 40], the dynamics of meningococcal carriage remains shrouded. The breakdown occurs because antibiotic resistance selects for rare virulence alleles in the pest population, the frequency of virulent insects rises, and the population eventually returns to pest levels. Furthermore, the high mortality of larvae on resistant wheat would decimate the parasitoid, and probably prevent it from slowing any increase in the population of virulent midges. In principle, someone else e who wanted to copy the procedure would require just as long, if they could even manage to obtain an equivalent a-virulent strain. Many are more virulent and more widespread. The first half of the year was marked by a rise in prices caused by an external, extremely virulent inflationary shock. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English He should know, because he was a virulent opponent of such a council. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is a virulent public opinion, and there are all sorts of intrigues going on in the various groups and races. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Furthermore, they will be immune to the more virulent strains as well. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I have never come across more virulent manifestations of an epidemic of political hysteria. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The character of the virus is studied and virulent strains are frequently identified. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 After all, inflation is the most virulent form of dry rot attacking the fabric of our great buildings. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We are of course glad to hear that this outbreak is a mild one and not of a virulent kind of typhoid. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 With highly virulent forms of the virus, mortality may be high. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 People do not realise that imported foreign meat is a virulent substance, dangerous to the agricultural industry. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 A particularly virulent propaganda on the rates is expenditure on matters totally outside the confines of local government. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Another perfectly valid approach, which might even produce better results, would be to study the relative resistance of the survivors of the supposedly virulent organism. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Virulent allegations have been made about it almost every day and every month. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I believe that there is some suggestion that a fresh, more virulent strain has to be introduced. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 As the figures rose steadily, the taunts became more virulent than ever, and the criticism sharper. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Therefore, we were dealing with a very virulent type of germ. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I believe that the economy is slowing down and the recession is much more virulent than some commentators suppose. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 During that period, there were almost 1,900 new diagnoses of that particularly virulent cancer. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Many involve the injection of virulent diseases which cause much pain, suffering and fear to the animals. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 However, opposition to village communities is rather virulent and appears to be based more on ideology than upon any dispassionate examination of the facts. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I mentioned the strange but virulent bias which exists in local services and health authorities against such communities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We now have myths that are so virulent that they have almost become gospel. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Selection remains in a far more virulent and repugnant form than anything we saw under the 11-plus system. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The initial rapid spread was almost impossible to detect and for something like three weeks no one was really aware of the virulent disease. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 We feel deeply disturbed about activities connected with the more virulent bodies being conducted in the bigger cities. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The virus is exceptionally virulent, a point that ought to be borne in mind in the debate. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is no evidence to show that there has been a growth of a more virulent species of rat. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 Probably racism is not so virulent today, but xenophobia certainly is. From Europarl Parallel Corpus - English A blood-clotting agent, which for many years made their lives infinitely more tolerable, was found to be the carrier of an even more virulent disease. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 They are a virulent poison, and it is difficult for me to believe that they are not going to do long-term harm. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There is virulent opposition and hostility, in particular because of the poll tax debacle, which is surely the biggest fiasco in modern political history. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 The more virulent the disease the greater is the intensity of the research with which medical science faces the problem. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 I understand also that it is felt that these trials are moving too slowly to combat the present particularly virulent type of outbreak. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 My noble friend was quite right when he described the nature of the present virus with which we are faced as being extremely virulent. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 He opened by a virulent attack upon what he called "unearned income". From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 There are considerable outbreaks of typhoid of a most virulent type, and epidemics of scarlatina. From the Hansard archive Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0 These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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