| 词汇 | example_english_variance |
| 释义 | Examples of varianceThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The variances thus scaled linearly with the square of the mean. Note that samples may, under this formulation, have different variances as well as different means. The correlations among the endogenous variables actually reflect correlations among the residual variances of these variables. We can think of these variances in precisely the same way as we do when thinking about any observed variable. To express these means and variances in statistical terms, we treat the within-person model parameters as random variables and write equations for the parameters themselves. Repeated measures analysis of variances with pre- and postintervention assessments of respective variables as the dependent variables were conducted. The specification of the multivariate conditional mean should be tested for its empirical adequacy; otherwise, the conditional variances and covariances may be biased. Performing the estimation for each period, we obtained estimates for the parameters and variances. The truncation of the normal distribution leads to non-constant marginal means and variances for distributions estimated near the bounds. T-tests were carried out to assess if there were significant differences within a group of means, assuming equal variances. Log transformations were employed to stabilize variances and normalize the data where necessary. The data distribution test proved to be nor mal with homogeneous treatment variances. Because of different variances, these items were standardized before summing. However, it is essential for our purposes to estimate such variances because they critically affect system behavior, queuing delays, and variances in downstream links. The black columns show the estimated genetic variances for the second chromosome, and the open columns the estimated genetic variances for the third chromosome. Risk-averse decision makers should be interested not only in expected values but also in the variances of outcome variables. Second, it uses price volatility as a measure of risk, rather than relying on supply variances and country risk indicators. The numbers on the diagonal are polygenic and residual variances. If this is true, the error variances of economic voting models should increase over time. The most efficient methods to find the variances required are described in [5,9]. The outcomes identi ed disparities in health needs between the areas assessed due to differences in socio-economic variances. We have freedom in setting the variances of our shocks. Together with psychosocial variables, these accounted for 45.4 % of total variances of depressive symptoms. The remaining variances were explained by non-shared environment. In all other models (3-8), residual and total genetic variances were equal to 60. The proposed approximate estimation procedure, based on empirical variances, still performed well for a small number of replicates (five replicates). We estimated the additive and environmental genetic variances by considering three generations reared under either stressful or favourable conditions. Significance levels of heritabilities and genetic correlations may be inferred from those of corresponding (co)variances. A method for assessing extent and sources of heterogeneity of residual variances in mixed linear models. Since mean estimated values are close to those simulated, the precision of the methods can be compared from their estimation variances. Estimation of genetic variances and covariances by restricted maximum likelihood using proc mixed. The relative contribution of the genetic factors on the second and third chromosomes was investigated by comparing the genetic variances. Analysis revealed unequal variances in the dependent measure of overall competence. The dimensions in the random walk discretization are all of the same importance since all the variances are identical to t. In this study, it is assumed that residual variances and covariances among different ages are stationary. If we assume that the residual variances are independent across markers, we can model each marker band separately. The choice of these variances can be a challenge and is one of the drawbacks of the method. Traditionally, variances in robots within a team were classified only as heterogeneous or homogeneous. The reason for scaling was to make the variances of the individual incomes closer to those reported in the microeconomic literature. The standardized returns are first computed using the full-sample means and variances. Linear regressions of log-transformed viability data in relation with time were significant for every microhabitat, even though the explained variances differed. In both cases, data were transformed using loge to homogenize the variances of the variables. Conditional variances can also be estimated for these proportions (2). Predicting progeny means and variances of winter wheat crosses from phenotypic values of their parents. Error variances and covariances are reported in the appendix however. In most organs across the entire temperature range, variances were greater than the mean number of encystments, indicating an aggregated distribution of metacercariae. The significance of the difference between two means when the population variances are unequal. The test is performed assuming homogeneous error variances and no cross-sectional correlation. 14. Different variances can be accommodated within genotype, as described below. However, the variances and means were approximately the same for -1 and 1, suggesting that the overall trend is accurate. In each case heteroscedasticity of variances was found. There are only a couple of studies that have incorporated the dynamics of genetic variances of phenotypically plastic traits into a modelling framework. We find that the variances are functions of both the additive and dominance terms. Naturally, the posterior means of the variances are smaller when inferences are based on the truncated data set. The asymptotic variances of the estimates of linkage specifically for each of the parents are evaluated using a numerical analysis based on information functions. The variances of the components would sum to 12.0, the same as that given by the treatments. In the last line it is supposed that both effects have been present in the past and are now contributing equal variances. In the case of random models, more parameters can be included and all variances can be estimated. The diagonal elements of this matrix are the variances of the parameter estimates, and the offdiagonal elements are the covariances of the estimates. Modelling variances for differential gene expression analysis when the number of replicates was small. In contrast, the structural approach models the variances in each condition and can therefore readily be applied to the comparison of more than two conditions. The two variables exhibit symmetry around zero, hence the variances (and therefore population size) of these values are irrelevant. Covariances among contrasts must also be computed by allowing for different variances of group means. We developed a haplotype-based method for estimating founder-origin probabilities, expected founderorigin proportions and their conditional variances. Covariances were obtained from the variances of the appropriate phenotypic sums. No clear trends in bias or variances of estimates were found for marker distances. If both held, strong invariance was then tested, where factor means, variances, and covariances were compared across groups. The current model is simply a reparamaterization with the paths fixed to one and the variances freely estimated. In the next model, factor variances were constrained to be equal over time. A sequence or a vector of random variables is heteroscedastic when the variances of the random variables in the sequence are not all the same. Analyses of variances were computed for the three incorrect conditions relative to the correct condition for each electrode position separately. Analyses in which proportion scores were arcsine transformed to correct instability of error term variances resulted in identical findings. In the final section, two separate sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to explain the respective variances of anxiety and depressive symptoms. As the significance value is larger than 0.05 (p 0.074), equal variances were assumed. Summary statistics reassure us, however, that the count means exceed their variances, albeit only by a slight margin. In individuals experiencing such value conflict, we should observe unequal variances across observations, which is know as the familiar problem of heteroscedasticity. However, at any two moments in time there can be a considerable difference in the interlocus variances. However, variances were high (see below) and there appeared to be some tendency for means to decrease among successive groups of earlier-born women (1920-37). Figure 2 summarizes the means, variances and distributions of these three quantities for the 12 serogroups. Indicates that one of the variances used to calculate the covariance was not significantly greater than zero. However, equality of these variances cannot be rejected at any conventional significance level. We find large differences across these countries in the return of the pay-as-you-go system, the return on lifetime savings and their variances and covariances. Linear regression was used, but some data sets retained unequal variances after log transformation, and were not regressed. The variances of the additive disturbance terms enter into the coefficients of (10). The data series of density on the second height interval was log-transformed so as to obtain homogeneity of variances. The data were transformed when the variances were not homogeneous. Conventional growth modeling assumes a single population and estimates a mean growth curve with individual variation reflected in estimated growth factor variances. The two-sample trimmed t for unequal population variances. A loge transformation was required for all variables, apart from proportion of time stationary, to stabilize variances. Equations 11 and 12 will give mean values, but the variances and confidence limits are not readily available. The residual variances of the life events are constrained to be equal across genders, as suppor ted by the univariate model.! In our baseline model, we allowed the error variances of the outcome variables to vary across time points. Accordingly, means and variances can be calculated if the scale level is interval or higher, and factor analysis almost always yields factors. However, these specific variances do not seem to be related to the literacy measures used. Here we propose a simple and efficient approximate method to obtain estimates of the parameters in the structural model for the variances. The structural model still performs quite well for fewer replicates (five replicates), even with the approximate estimation method based on empirical variances. Given that both are ratios of variances, the error in their estimation is very large. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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