| 词汇 | example_english_unstressed |
| 释义 | Examples of unstressedThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Unstressed syllables : none in the first foot, 2 in the second, 2 in the third. Unstressed syllables: 3 in the first foot, 2 in the second. The same is true of candidates (b) and (c) - candidate (c), which preserves the non-final unstressed vowel, is rated as more wellformed. Having any vowel in such a syllable is hence more marked than having a vowel in any other unstressed syllable. Variation as accessing ' non-optimal' candidates 359 unstressed vowels in other phonological environments, still other markedness constraints could be involved. One of the main differences between the two varieties is found in the quality of some unstressed vowels. All groups were nativelike in having a lower fundamental frequency for unstressed as opposed to stressed vowels. If liquid paint with volatile solvent is deposited on a substrate, we can assume that initially the polymer is dissolved and unstressed. One phonological change which severely weakened the distinction between these classes was the neutralization of unstressed vowels. The foregoing complexities regarding the weight of unstressed syllables have their most important repercussions for nonlexical monosyllables. The duration contrast and short unstressed vowels showed changes across the generations. Otherwise, if it is in prepretonic position, it may actually be shorter than an unstressed medial sequence. We again produced separate word class lists for unstressed and stressed occurrences. Consequently, there is little or no contrast between stressed and unstressed syllables. In a natural pronunciation of 14a, the pronoun will be unstressed, so that it easily blends into the alveolar onset of the following doesn't. A constraint against unstressed high-toned syllables is needed rather than one against spread tone because of cases involving tonal coalescence. Again, the number of unstressed syllables in the drop is irrelevant to metrical features like non-parasiting and non-contraction. Unstressed syllables were less likely to be pronounced if they were the first syllable of a prosodic foot than if they were the second syllable. Doublets in this position (word-specific doublets) occur mainly in words of foreign origin with an unstressed first syllable. The segments of an unstressed syllable are more coarticulated, forcing subjects to rely more on a syllable representation. At the level of diachronic processes, many forms progress from full, stressed forms with specific meanings to reduced, unstressed forms with more general meanings. While nouns tend to be preceded by an unstressed and followed by a stressed syllable, the reverse is true of verbs. Open-class words were treated as stressed whereas closed-class items were generally regarded as unstressed. The unstressed cell shape may be modified by altering the tonicity of the suspending fluid. Thus, aside from two possible minimal pairs, the distribution of these vowels is either entirely predictable from context, or varies freely in unstressed open syllables. They were many times more likely to omit unstressed syllables that precede the stress than those that follow the stress in two-syllable items. The theory specifies that the unstressed syllable following the stressed syllable is optional. Vowels in stressed syllables are significantly longer than those in unstressed syllables (p n0001). Unstressed vowels are usually deleted in surface form. Unstressed syllables: one in the first foot, none in the second. Unstressed syllables : none in the first foot or the third, 1 in the second, 2 in the fourth. Other unstressed positions, both pretonic and posttonic, are subject to strong vowel reduction and sometimes complete vowel loss. However, the unstressed vowel in each case surfaces as [i]. Stressed vowels are realised with longer duration and loudness than unstressed vowels (see 3.6.3 for details). In the tableaux above, the constraints conflate the categories ' high peripheral unstressed vowels ' with ' central unstressed vowels ' with respect to unstressed syllables. A syllable is a stress maximum if it is stressed and is between two unstressed syllables within the same branching domain.12 iii. There are also lenition processes affecting unstressed vowels. However, in (11d), an unstressed closed syllable is monomoraic. In (11a) and (11b), both stressed and unstressed long vowels are bimoraic. There is a group of words that preserve stem stress on a pretonic syllable, and leave the preceding initial syllable unstressed. If \\b'ez/\\ is unstressed, ikanie enforces reduction : [b'iz/]. With the formation of the perfective, however, stress is reassigned in both forms and the supposedly unstressed latent vowel receives stress. In many cases these can be derived from a sequence of an unstressed vowel plus sonorant consonant. However, vowels in stressed open syllables are longer than unstressed vowels or vowels in closed syllables. Moreover, they can occur in stressed or unstressed forms. Pitch and intensity were not significantly higher in stressed syllables than in unstressed syllables. In the final analysis, these emphatic instances were included with cases of ordinary rhythm group-final stress, yielding a contrast between stressed and unstressed position. The observed frequency of reduction in unstressed syllables (43.1%) is more than twice that in stressed syllables (16.4%). Comparing the table rows also shows an apparent effect dependence whereby vowel and pause effects are distinguished only after an unstressed syllable. Stressed syllables occur in a stress pattern, by which is meant a particular combination or pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Depending on its position in the bar, a note can be 'good', and thus stressed, or 'bad', unstressed. Finally, we have seen that there are signi®cant conditions that restrict the distribution of vowels in unstressed syllables. In (64), the same morph -s is obligatory in both languages when the singular ends in unstressed o. In unstressed syllables, where there is less time to achieve the back target, one would expect vocalization to be disfavored. In other syntactic functions, the comparative was usually followed by an unstressed function word or a pause. In doing so, head and had would then maintain their contrast with the unstressed vowel. On this view, the two forms of the word for ' what ' may be seen as a weak unstressed form que and a tonic form quoi. Taken together, these findings indicate that the effect is not attenuated when the syllable preceding the name is unstressed. Acoustic properties of short or unstressed morphemes, for example, would contribute to children's difficulty in the language. Strong syllables bear primary stress and contain full vowels, whereas weak syllables are unstressed and contain short, central vowels such as schwa. The younger talkers reduced the magnitude with which the length opposition was maintained and centralized some vowels, most obviously in unstressed syllables. In unstressed syllables, the long to short vowel ratios were highly variable and did not reach statistical significance among the talker groups. Among the unstressed vowels is the u, which is the lowest in tone [ton]. One possibility is that children generalize from unstressed syllabic /r/ to stressed syllabic /r/. After unstressed vowels, both doublet and singleton consonant spellings occur. However, they are also monosyllabic and therefore unstressed within the inflectional phrase. However, only a subset of these vowels can appear in unstressed syllables. The environment shown in (17) is for the target vowel to appear in an unstressed syllable after a nasal. First, the set of vowels allowed in stressed syllables is typically larger than the set of vowels allowed in unstressed or reduced vowels. The redundant sound may occur in either stressed or unstressed syllables. We assume that the layer is unstressed initially and that the volume fraction distribution is given. Unstressed positions, referred to as metrical 'dips', could be ®lled by extended sequences of unstressed syllables, though longer sequences tend to be avoided. Since pre®xes are usually unstressed, a higher number of initially stressed nouns as compared to adjectives would not be unexpected. Among the many debated points, the most important here is the fact that a /t/ following an unstressed syllable as in capital is -apped. The unstressed syllables must also have the correct quality and length of vowel. The features [back], [round], and [low] do not occur in unstressed syllables, meaning that they never occur more than once within prosodic words. Asymmetries between sets of stressed vowels and sets of unstressed vowels having roughly this character are quite common. Both cases involve unstressed vowel reduction, which, as we have discussed repeatedly above, is argued to have its ultimate source in durational asymmetries. In cases where additional syllables are unavailable to help support a minimal foot, a light syllable must remain unfooted and unstressed. However, there is another contrast that must also be accounted for : epenthetic vowels are unstressed, except in a morphologically truncated word. Rather, the only problem with this candidate is that it has a hightoned unstressed syllable. Candidates (c) and (d) both shorten the unstressed long vowel, thus violating the highest-ranked faithfulness constraint. The former are often unstressed, whereas the latter are usually stressed. In one dialect, the stressed syllable must be twice as heavy as the unstressed one. Stressed and unstressed syllables also differ in their acoustic characteristics. In the reduplicative base the second mora is supplied either by a consonant, or by an unstressed vowel. My childhood strategy would have been in trouble if my school dictionary had not given a 'correct' spelling representation to the weak unstressed vowels. At the same time, stressed syllables are more 'powerful' than unstressed ones. The production of stress is generally believed to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used for unstressed syllables. The pre-head is composed of all the unstressed syllables in a tone-unit preceding the first stressed syllable. To make our investigation more comprehensive, we examine cells with a variety of unstressed shapes including oblate and prolate spheroids. When reductions were made, they were almost always made on targets with more than two syllables, and involved the elimination of an unstressed syllable. Thus, for an unstressed membrane the hydrophobic contribution is zero. On the whole, however, both speakers and listeners seem to readily agree in recognizing which syllables are stressed and which are unstressed. Thus, coding for final position allowed the inclusion of an unstressed pronoun as object. A final closed syllable that is unstressed is monomoraic. Open final syllables are usually long, and there is a freer distribution of consonants in finals than in (unstressed) initial syllables. In, both stressed and unstressed syllables containing simple rhymes are monomoraic. Test words belong to one of three groups: initial stressed, non-initial stressed and initial unstressed. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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