| 词汇 | example_english_union |
| 释义 | Examples of unionThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Unless agreements exist with authors' societies and unions, normally an extension has to be obtained for this medium. However, employers and unions then reached agreements which topped up provision, restoring the previously-established levels of benefit ('gap insurance'). In both cases, the unions quickly achieved some important victories, which were written into agreements with the mining companies. One easily checks that unions and (relational) compositions of bisimulations are again bisimulations. Consistent with our expectations, unions compress the wage distribution primarily by boosting the relative wages of poorly paid workers. Unions hired and, in practice, unions determined who was fired. How were the unions' links to political parties established ? By contrast, reforms that impose severe losses on unions are likely to engender much more vigorous opposition from the labour movement. The term 'marriage' may have been rather loosely interpreted by respondents, and consensual unions were probably included. About 83 per cent traced the absence of unions in their companies to deliberate actions by management (especially the owners) who discouraged unionisation. However, such deals are difficult to sell to the membership of high-wage unions. Capital accepts the development of a large public insurance system in exchange for the unions' moderation and the availability of a well-qualified labour force. Thus, for example, for the group of unions commencing 10 years ago, information is available only on those that are still intact. Few trade unions existed and those which did had a handful of members and very little influence. Second, that inter-racial extramarital unions are almost entirely those of racial exploitation by higher status white males particularly during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Despite the formal integration of labor unions in the decision-making process, this attitude still dominates today. The dual multiplicative connectives and correspond simply to disjoint unions and connected sums of bordisms. The unions' attacks on the exhibition's administrative structure and procedures began before the first post-war exhibition even opened its doors. We will frequently have occasion to consider both forward and backward images of intersections and unions under iterates of a map. The same pressure was exerted by the trade unions, although for rather different reasons. With the second national textile contract in 1927, unions thus got the exclusive right to hire. The widening split between the maritime unions and the general labour movement is also illustrated well by the events of mid-1917. They also managed to control the principal student unions of the individual faculties. Once again, many of the concerns identified by the unions would appear to be better addressed by a no-fault system than by an adversarial system. However, with the continuing refusal of the unions to co-operate, the initiative ran into the sands. The interests of management, faced with spiraling cost of labour, and unions, operating in a labour surplus economy, converged towards a masculinisation of organized labour. Finally, this analysis cuts against another line of argument popular with prolabor critics of unions. Even then, the threat of political change created strong disagreements between the medical trade unions and the opposition political parties. The result is that unions have much greater success organizing workers in industries that feature complete labor contracts. During that time the labor movement also made important legislative gains which enhanced the ability of workers to organize unions and stage successful strikes. We might have expected membership of trade unions and professional associations to produce a gender gap, because few women were members of these groups. What the legislation had done was to expose the weakness of trade unions and therefore to question their ability to represent all employees. The most vulnerable workers, those not associated with unions, were also those most subject to intimidation to encourage them to contract out. The trade unions had been strongly dissatisfied with the 1901 law in which compensation for accidents was to be paid by the employer. Similarly, the working class draws its organizational affiliations disproportionately from trade unions and workingmen's clubs. Institutions of civil society, including trade unions, churches and voluntary associations, were also intimately involved in the development of the administration of the welfare state. We incorporate the standard data types, such as unions, vectors and arrays. The few women accounted as poor marriage partners because of obvious deficiencies have entered into temporary, non-marital, childbearing unions. In some instances, street encounters and mutual criticism are deployed interchangeably, depending on the circumstances thrust upon unions by the government. At university campuses, communists stepped up their criticism of capitalist development and wrested control of student and faculty unions. From this perspective, unions would become unnecessary and irrelevant once this restoration had generated a population of practicing believers. Although the canonical interpretation is closed under intersections, it is not closed under unions. The nominal wage is fixed by the monopolistic household unions, before firms choose employment. The leftist trade unions were vehemently critical of the jobber. The small number of contacts, or weak embeddedness, is particularly striking among the repartnered in consensual unions and who live apart together. On the one hand, they accurately recognize that the government's support for the employers forced the unions to temper their wage demands (p. 106-7). In this institutional context, labor unions are still playing a central role in the politics of pension reform. Considering these schemes as the conquest of specific occupational groups, most unions opposed their harmonization. Another important issue in labour policy was the legislation concerning the unions. How do unions influence political decisions about the welfare state? The participation of unions and employers was facilitated by their role in the administration of employees' pensions. A small number (1n8 per cent) operated out of unions. Workers had already won much through their activities at work and in the unions. The men often refuse to do as they are told, and it is not possible to discharge a man without the union's consent. Their feelings included challenging authority at work, organising unions and carrying out frequent strikes. When employers confronted unions directly, employers, especially industrial employers, generally won. Nonetheless, the latter presented a constant 'temptation', and unions continued to occur across this divide. During the 1920s, as trade unions struggled to form, jobbers often played a significant role in them. In fact, the colonial state sought to regulate industrial disputes more closely in part to stimulate the formation of 'healthy and responsible' trade unions. The process of formalisation and organization included both increasing state regulation and the development of federated unions attached to political parties. The sustained hostility of employers to trade unions had ensured that workers could not lightly associate with them. The unions were also participants in the emerging public and state emphasis on women's reproductive roles. The recriminations that followed the 1940 general strike developed the differences between trade unions and their leaders into bitter conflicts and antagonisms. Under authoritarianism, independent political activity by labour unions was strictly proscribed in the name of national security. The trade unions' complaints and demands concentrated on the low wages, the harsh working and living conditions and-of crucial importance-the exploitative kangany-system. Although teachers' trade unions were not directly represented in the legislature, their interests were represented in parliament by a large number of elected members. Rumours of the union's ' capitulation' spread rapidly across the territory and all sorts of interpretations were attributed to it. Clearly the communists were interested in bringing the unions within their sphere of influence and this would seem both a logical and justifiable position. The children of these unions were baptized as legitimate. In the unions all sorts of sections were at work. On the contrary, in every country in which syndicalist and socialist unions coexisted, the syndicalists opposed the war. In some cases, however, existing unions were brought to embrace syndicalism; in others dissidents broke away to found their own syndicalist unions. Needless to say, this concept extends beyond graphs and unions. The intervention of trade unions in this power relationship has created a wide variation in the degree of precariousness experienced by workers. Elders clearly hesitated to break apart these unions, illicit though they were. Once independence was achieved, the unions were left weak, and were further weakened when a number of key officials were lured into government. Moreover, teachers' trade unions occupy a strategic position in society. The other 0 entries include names of places and regions, ethnic groups, political and military events, names of associations, unions and parties. Throughout this paper, the term 'unmarried' refers to respondents who have not been involved in either formal or informal unions. Another factor which showed a clear variation in the age difference of spouses was the number of marital unions of a woman. However, most of this difference was due to the higher ages of women in polygynous unions. Consistency of values by all the five methods would indicate absence of any preference for patrilineal or matrilineal unions. One of the aims therefore is to prevent free unions and encourage the formation of the family. From these it is concluded that defacto unions are associated with factors that depress fertility. Agencies worked cooperatively with employee unions and found that an ongoing relationship enhanced communication. They called for democratic elections in the trade unions. Parties were not recognized as natural communities (when, quite astonishingly, the unions were, without query) and remained in the closed game of politics. The least visible of the union's services is the constant activity which benefits all musicians indirectly. The so-called" structural" approach adopted by these studies concentrates upon the organisational structure of unions rather than focusing upon the activities of their membership. They had established new institutions, new parties, soviets, and unions. The unions claimed the government was further penalising the low paid. Others, such as trade unions or the role of women in society, have become subject to sociological investigation only recently. How does the typical life cycle of women contribute to their disadvantage within the labour market and within unions? Any discussion of the possible impact of new technology must take account of the response from trade unions and others representing occupational groups. Moreover, there is no evidence of any discussion between management and unions about the possibility of doing so. Active steps were also taken to strengthen links with local trade unions. If this possibility of fraud is not to be an insurmountable barrier to recognizing such unions as marriages, what is the solution? Side by side with such unions existed, and still exist, unions not sanctioned by law. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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