| 词汇 | example_english_unfunded |
| 释义 | Examples of unfundedThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Unfunded liabilities are eliminated under these parameter settings. That book is well-known for its ' ' three pillar ' ' model, entailing a mandatory unfunded pillar, a mandatory funded pillar, and a voluntary private pillar. Public benefits are sometimes criticized on grounds that they incur a large unfunded liability that future generations will have to meet. In addition to these private pension schemes, unfunded public-sector pension programmes that offer similar conditions are provided to state employees. In other words, the moral hazard cost associated with failing to insure only a standardized portfolio is equal to 15 % of the current unfunded liability. The bursaries were designed to assist researchers undertaking small, largely unfunded projects. His article shows the implications for government finance of introducing consistent accounting for unfunded public sector and private sector liabilities. In his model, unfunded pensions encourage education through an income effect. So unfunded liabilities are reduced by exactly 100 %, that is, the call option exactly pays for the put option. As both effects increase the time spent within family, the unfunded pension system will worsen voluntary unemployment. With unfunded mandates, expenditure autonomy becomes a non-issue, as the freedom to spend is eliminated de facto by a lack of funds. The bursaries were designed to help researchers undertaking small projects that were largely unfunded. Guaranteeing that this equity premium will, in fact, materialize constitutes a large unfunded liability. To determine the unfunded liability under the two methods, consider the status of the plans after two years of funding. The unfunded liability is usually paid off over a fixed number of years like a home mortgage. The program's current unfunded obligation is evaluated at $4.6 trillion. He shows that unfunded minimum benefit guarantees can be costly enough to undo most of the salutary long-run benefit typically associated with funded private accounts. Equivalently, state-contingent taxation and standardization can achieve the same reduction in unfunded liabilities as the over-funding approach, but at a smaller payroll contribution rate. But conversions of public pension systems to a system with individually managed accounts often contain unfunded liabilities of their own. Proposition 2 says that when used with or without the standardization approach, the state-contingent tax (6e) reduces unfunded liabilities even more. Just over a third of all the insured are covered by unfunded public pension programmes and the remainder are members of private occupational pension schemes. This paper extends this to unfunded public pensions with the help of ' implicit tax ' in pension contributions. Anyway, intergenerational public transfers such as unfunded pensions, public long-term care, and the related subsidies can lead to a drastic economic outcome in some circumstances. Finally, some plans are directing a portion of contributions to a current unfunded liability. If the fund had only $4,000, the actuary would declare an unfunded liability of $2,000. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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