| 词汇 | example_english_understorey |
| 释义 | Examples of understoreyThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Our sample size for understorey trees (only six species) may not be representative. In fact, the understorey during the dry season was hotter and drier than the lab clearing in the rainy season. Two gap and understorey paired sites, one in each of the forest types were used in both rainy and dry seasons. If competition for light or soil resources is important in the understorey, recently abandoned nests could constitute competition-free sites where successful recruitment is more likely. In conclusion, we have found that leaf-cutting ant nests can change the understorey plant community greatly. In addition to soil effects, recruitment on abandoned nests could be affected by interactions among understorey plant species. Integration of the soil moisture over both layers can lead to similar soil moisture values as in the understorey. In understorey plots where five seedlings with four or more leaves could not be found, every available leaf was sampled. Concurrent vegetation surveys indicated that secondary forests had high levels of terrestrial and understorey browse. These data suggest that small lianas may be abundant in the understorey but are not successful in reaching the canopy in older forests. Differences in home range size and foraging strategies may explain why understorey fruit bat species are more sensitive to fragmentation than canopy ones. Such a level of illumination is only experienced in the understorey during brief sunflecks. All understorey plots were beneath closed canopy (>20 m height), and >20 m from any canopy opening. In contrast, estimates of canopy openness with a spherical densiometer showed only a weak relation to light intensities in the understorey. The individuals we studied grew up in relatively dark conditions (in the understorey of the forest) when they were young. In two of these upland forests, mortality was restricted to particular understorey species. However, in dry forests, light reaching the understorey varies enormously through the annual cycle due to seasonality in leaf fall and leaf flushing. There were more understorey beetles in the acacia plantation, which has more ground cover, compared with the oil palm plantation (see figs 4 and 8b). Dominant, co-dominant, upper mid-canopy, lower mid-canopy and understorey strata (tree saplings only) are represented. Understorey plants were not identified to species, but were categorized as herbs, ferns, herbaceous vines, palms, t rees and lianas. If a liana species has positive population growth even in the absence of high-light understorey sites, it is truly shade-tolerant. Secondary forest had higher levels of terrestrial browse and a denser understorey shrub layer. Because arthropods in the understorey and canopy were sampled differently, we did not attempt a direct comparison between densities in the two vegetative layers. In summary, the overall basal area remains high and the understorey is dense. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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