| 词汇 | example_english_turbulent |
| 释义 | Examples of turbulentThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. As indicated by the bifurcation diagram (figure 3), the model system predicts zero value for turbulent shear stress in these cases. The attempts to integrate this empirical information with the general equations of turbulent flows have not been fully satisfactory. There is one class of unsteady turbulent flows, however, that has been studied in fair detail using moderate to highly sophisticated data, reduction techniques. When this ratio is of the order unity, the oscillations interact with the turbulent structure. The responses of turbulent and laminar flows appear to be qualitatively similar. While this worked well in laminar flow, the spots cooled too rapidly in turbulent flow. The turbulent structure showed significant departures from equilibrium at all times during the oscillation cycle. The evolution of the turbulent velocity field in these air data is far more coherent than were such measurements in water. The constraint a2+p2= 1 ensures that the variance of the turbulent velocity is correct. A new definition of concentration fluctuations in turbulent flows is proposed. We regard non-periodic motion as being weakly turbulent. Furthermore, such flows cannot be easily distinguished from turbulent flows by qualitative observations. Turbulent inflow data are provided by a separate zero-pressure-gradient boundary-layer simulation. The gradient-transfer approximation is based on the hypothesis of a turbulent flux proportional to the gradient of the concentration. Analytic solutions have been derived to model each of the vertical and lateral stages of magma transport in both the laminar and turbulent regimes. The flow laws (5.1a+) have sufficiently similar structures that the analysis of laminar flows in $$3 and 4 may be extended to turbulent flows. Nonetheless, the basic idea remains attractive, not only for reducing turbulence levels but also for the postponement of laminar/turbulent transition. In 1.2 a survey of previous work on the fully turbulent flow over a rotating disk is presented. A commonly used procedure to estimate turbulent diffusion times is in terms of enhanced turbulent (eddy) diffusivities. There have been a limited number of attempts at solving the radial outflow problem, for the case of turbulent flow, by numerical means. At the same time, the turbulent mixing in the center of the ampoule is not observed during a long interval of time. At the same time, the influence of a diaphragm is such that the obtained turbulent flow "does not forget" the initial conditions. Study of the membrane effect on turbulent mixing measurements in shock tubes. However, azimuthal velocity increases, and this, in our opinion, should strengthen the process of turbulent mixing, and hence the dissipation of the axial magnetic field. Interactions among human agents give rise to emergent systemic attributes that determine the system's ability to adapt to the turbulent environment. Experimental study of the gravitational turbulent mixing in self-similar mode. We initially input turbulent velocity into the magnetized plate-shaped cloud which is in hydrostatic equilibrium between thermal pressure and self-gravity. The test section shown in figure 4 was located at 130 diameters from the inlet, in a region of fully developed turbulent flow. Possibly the increased pressure amplitudes and the greater depth of modified flow arise from the increased effective rigidity of the turbulent fluid. By spreading the angular momentum over a large region, a constant au/ay is reached within the turbulent fluid. The diffusing vorticity (or turbulence) fosters the development of a turbulent boundary layer which, in turn, promotes the break-up of the incoming coherent vortex tubes. The diverse masters he served failed to rise to the demands of their turbulent times and challenges. Not all of them survived the turbulent years, but the majority did and changed forever the national scene of higher learning. The electric field is disturbed and turbulent, which confine electrons at the tip. The voltage pulse was gradually increased until some and the experiof the pulses were turbulent. The fluctuations grow exponentially at first and develop into turbulence without being accompanied by abrupt bursts or turbulent spots. Finally, the predictions obtained from the theoretical model with turbulent flow appear to be more acceptable. The spectral peak rapidly increases as energy is extracted from the mean flow and the spectrum slowly broadens as the turbulent energy cascade is established. The model performance in benchmark turbulent flows, in which the traditional models have been calibrated extensively, is preserved intact. The turbulent production and buoyant destruction terms, like the heat flux, are active a t the large scales of the flow. The outer non-turbulent flow appears to be 'riding ' over the bumps or bursts of the interface. The impact of the harmonic excitation on the turbulent intensities may be seen in figure 21. In the wind-tunnel experiments material was released into a turbulent boundary layer from a continuous compact elevated source. Clearly, the turbulent cells are almost isotropic and not particularly elongated in the radial direction. One wonders how a life spanning such turbulent times, and an artistic output extended across thirty years, could remain so unaffected. Lamination in the sediment host was destroyed by fluidization during boiling of pore water and turbulent mixing with hydroclasts. The discovery of vortex structures in the turbulent mixing layer raises serious doubts about the validity of self-preservation arguments. Turbulent mixing influence on the laser targets compression. Light contours of vorticity magnitude are also shown to place the positions of the shocklets relative to the turbulent shear layer. Thus, consider a wave-packet originating near z = 0 from eddy activity in the turbulent boundary layer. As a result of these works, it has been obtained that a shock wave spreading through a turbulized layer leads to turbulent mixing intensification. At the contact boundary, the gravitational turbulent mixing zone growing with time was formed. Many different manners may be used for each turbulent articulation, which are somewhat dependent upon the abilities of each performer. Thus, even when the orchestra is involved in more turbulent episodes, it is the vocal element which is largely responsible for the music's dramatic content. To interpret the solution to this turbulent problem properly, it is necessary to have the solution to the corresponding laminar problem. The line fits the points where the turbulent steady state is reached (see the text). The stability criterion and the characteristic oscillation frequency of the zonal flow are determined in terms of the spectra of turbulent fluctuations. They require auxiliary non-ohmic power for heating, current drive and turbulent transport suppression. Various models about turbulent viscosity have been presented in succession since 1973. Transport theories for turbulent plasmas are still developing, and promise to remain an open, but exciting, frontier far into the future. Implications for turbulent fluctuations and nonlinear transport in laboratory and ionospheric plasmas are discussed. In an underdense and moving plasma, a turbulent dynamo effect is possibly a source of magnetic field [16-19]. Being based on the linearized, inviscid equations of hydrodynamics, the theory allows one to pose tractable mathematical problems related t o turbulent flows. Presumably, an appropriate (random) superposition of these structures can lead to a physically sound model for turbulent shear flows. Since the turbulent 1960s governments have sought to redefine national identity and recast individual obligations to the nation. Thus, surprisingly, the long-term relaxation from stabilizing curvature resulted in increased turbulent mixing, compared to the unperturbed boundary layer. I n a horizontal convecting layer several distinct transitions occur before the flow becomes turbulent. As long as the wave disturbance strength isinfinitesimal, the mean and turbulent fields are unaffected by the wave. The purpose of presenting the steady-flow turbulence distribution in figure 4 is to provide a basis for the comparison with the unsteady turbulent-flow data. The models considered in this paper demonstrate the efficiency of the diffusive approximation of correlation effects for obtaining a scaling description of turbulent transport. However, in such an approach there is no direct connection with correlation functions, which appear to be a more adequate tool for turbulent analysis. Anomalous diffusion in the two-dimensional monoscale turbulent flow could be explained in terms of the percolation threshold. Note that the separation of longitudinal and transverse correlation scales plays an important role for the description of turbulent transport in strongly magnetized plasma. Hence, we can consider both the turbulent transport and the molecular diffusion. In this section we shall compare the corresponding three-wave collision integral with its traditional counterpart calculated for a homogeneous turbulent plasma. Correlation effects play an important role in the description of turbulent transport. We estimate this transport from the turbulent electrostatic fluctuations analyzed in this work. Then the islands with very small scale and the strong turbulent plasmons can be intimately coupled by ponderomotive interaction. The inver se turbulent cascade transports wave energ y into the low-wavenumber domain, where dissipation is rather weak. Two complementary sets of behaviour are delineated: open and turbulent sonorities. At later times, during expansion, the distortion of the interface will increase, giving place to a turbulent mixing between materials. Clearly, for such low initial levels, the turbulent fluctuations in these quantities are larger in amplitude than any average values. A communal distemper was certainly present during those turbulent days. In addition, there was endocardial sclerosis in the infundibulum, consistent with turbulent blood flow. The rate a t which particles impact the wall is an important parameter in the modelling of turbulent suspension flows. Biofilms exposed to high stress and turbulent pressure fluctuations should have high consolidation rates and consolidate more, which is what is observed. First, since the turbulent water was also turbid, light penetration to depth was reduced. The source term in simulates the interaction between mass forces and turbulent friction. The pathway to excellence is turbulent and aspiring musicians must cope with the 'ebb and flow' of development if they are to realise their potential. Obedience and religion were both subject to cultural adaptation during the turbulent sixteenth century, as the three books under review will show. Apparently, therefore, his model does not simulate real turbulent motion of atmosphere. Beyond this, the implications for fully turbulent flow are slight. Here, without detail, we use the context of homogeneous isotropic turbulence to develop some ideas relevant to all turbulent flows. To illustrate how they can indicate the scale and structure of a turbulent motion, we now look at typical properties of double correlations. Frequent references to turbulent motion have been made in previous chapters, but detailed discussion of the nature of that motion has so far been postponed. Associated with the entrainment of new fluid into a flow such as a jet there must be a process by which new fluid becomes turbulent. The region of intermittently turbulent flow is often very long. The flow outside the interface, although called non-turbulent, does involve velocity fluctuations. However, we now have enough material to examine the way in which the equations of motion are developed for turbulent flows. In many situations turbulent motion occurs in only a limited region- that region in which high shear has been generated. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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