| 词汇 | example_english_tropic |
| 释义 | Examples of tropicThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. In some highly fragile environments, found most often in the tropics, soils may be highly vulnerable to rapid and irreversible degradation with inappropriate agricultural practices. Although the focus of this proposition is the developing world tropics, problems with agricultural development in semi-arid regions are not confined to the developing world. Elsewhere, and especially in the semi-arid tropics where climate is much harsher, more ®ckle and more extreme, life has always been far tougher. Genetic improvement of selected vegetables for the tropics and subtropics. All a re below 200 m i n elevation, a nd temperatures a re typical of the lowland tropics. Emerging paradigms of tree phenology in dry tropics. Shading improved dry-season survival while competition for moisture had significant effects on seedling performance compared with tree seedlings in the humid tropics. Successful establishment of seedlings in the dry tropics is dependent mainly upon moisture availability. Therefore, soil moisture conservation is crucial for maintaining soil biological processes in smallholder cropping systems, especially in sub-humid and semi-arid tropics. Low soil water availability decreases decomposition rates in the dry sub-humid and semi-arid tropics despite their higher temperatures. Parasitic organisms are found in almost every environment ranging from the extremes of cold conditions in the polar regions to hot climates in the tropics. Maesopsis continues to be introduced as a rapid-growing timber species in plantations throughout the tropics. In the nineteenth century some people in the tropics took opium believing that it would be effective against malaria. In the tropics, for example, age determination on a broad scale - especially with so many species, is simply beyond the reasonable reach of analysts. Both traits showed geographic variation and strong non-linear clines with a sharp reduction in size in the tropics. In other words, populations from the humid tropics seem to allocate more resources to survival but less to reproduction, and hence the lower ovariole number. Projections of climate change suggest that there will be significant negative impacts on crop and animal production, particularly in the subtropics and tropics. The smallholder farming units of the tropics have little access to these today and are heavily dependent on external inputs. The book probably provides the ®rst large-scale study of farm-level pro®tability and consequent adoption of agroforestry in the tropics. Intercropping of annual cereal and grain legumes is a common practice in the tropics because total grain yield is enhanced compared to sole cropping. Denitri®cation losses from puddled rice soils in the tropics. Can biological nitrogen fixation sustain agriculture in the tropics? In the present climatic conditions, weathering takes place in the tropics while it is almost absent in the dry and cold polar regions. Recent reports show that rickets is common in many parts of the sub-tropics and tropics. Adapting varieties for intercropping systems in the tropics. Ice-core and deep-sea sedimentary records are reviewed from the polar regions to the tropics. Then regional descriptions are provided of almost every part of the world where glaciers have existed - from the poles to the tropics. However, phenology data sets spanning many years are rare in the tropics, making it difficult to evaluate possible responses of tropical communities to climate change. We do not know of data that address whether individual tree species respond jointly to differences in the site factor in the tropics. Activity cycles also appear to be seasonal among diverse animal taxa in the tropics. An unlikely high extirpation when other sites in the tropics are considered. Although insectivorous bats are particularly abundant and diverse in the tropics, their impact on herbivorous insects is little understood. Tropical fire regimes may be distinctive from those in other latitudes given the unique climatic patterns found in the tropics. One hundred years of tree ring research in the tropics. The possibility of scatterhoarding by non-caviomorph rodents in the tropics deserves further study. Leaching of fertilizer ions in an ultisol from the high rainfall tropics: leaching through undisturbed soil columns. Nearly 75% of these plant species have seeds that are characterized by recalcitrant storage behaviour, with a large proportion originating from the tropics. The way in which drosophilids respond to vertical heterogeneity within the environment has never been properly documented in the subtropics or tropics. Ants are often a serious pest to the entomologist in the tropics. Potassium dynamics and availability in strongly weathered and highly leached soils in the humid tropics. Significant stands of mangroves are also found along small island shores of the tropics, and to a much lesser extent along some temperate shorelines. The two zones that lie in between - the regions between the tropics and the arctic circles - are temperate and therefore habitable. Presumably this species can migrate overseas and moves frequently between lowland and highland areas even in the tropics. In the warm tropics, females could gather enough to support both themselves and their children. Indeed, their latitudinal preference for the tropics strongly suggests that sea surface temperature may have been the limiting factor for this group of bradoriid arthropods. Several approaches have been attempted to try to improve dairy productivity in the tropics. Because of adequate rainfall, crops can be grown throughout the year in humid tropics. A similar situation prevails in some regions of the sub-humid tropics, where water is extremely scarce during the dry period. Mixed cropping is a deeply entrenched practice among smallholder farming communities of the tropics. At higher altitudes, soil temperatures could also be in the sub-optimal range, especially in the humid tropics. Breeding cultivars for sustainable crop production in low-input dryland agriculture in the tropics. A short review of farming systems research in the tropics. Can biological nitrogen fixation sustain agricultural production in the tropics? In tea, inherently thin cuticular wax layers can be expected since it is an understorey crop, originating from the humid tropics. However, these studies did not consider seasonal variation which is normally considerable in most geographical settings except the tropics [22]. Varicella in the tropics mainly affects young adults, which could be attributable to agent-specific factors [8]. Recalcitrant seeds are particularly frequent in the moist humid tropics. Given the variety of vegetation, soil types and biotic disturbances that occurs in the tropics, nutrient exports there have not been thoroughly described. On the periodicity of tree-growth in the tropics, with reference to the mode of branching, the leaf fall, and the formation of resting bud. Pollination could be impaired in these fragments because isolation often negatively influences the dispersal of insects, the most important pollinating agents in the tropics. However, to our knowledge, there is no information on the effects of litter on seedling-pathogen interactions in the tropics. Why poor logging practices persist in the tropics. Plantation forestry in the tropics: tree planting for industrial, social, environmental and agroforestry purposes. The ecological relations between wood-inhabiting fungi and substrate qualities remain to be systematically studied in the tropics. Why are mountain passes higher in the tropics. Our results confirm studies which state that these factors are closely linked to each other in the tropics. In the inner tropics, for example, plant recruitment and growth occur all year at high rates. Pasture and permanent crop development are major land-uses in much of the tropics. Fruit-eating birds and bird-dispersed plants in the tropics and temperate zone. The importance of leaf heterogeneity to habitat and resource patchiness and consequently to trophic processes, especially in the tropics, is therefore worthy of attention. The latitudinal gradient in geographical range: how so many species coexist in the tropics. In highly disturbed forests of the wet tropics, exotic species predominate. Other climatic changes than temperature may occur in the humid tropics with elevation. We are not aware of any published information on this variable from intraspecific comparisons, either in the temperate zones or in the tropics. In the tropics particularly, tree species have been observed to be strongly associated to different life-history traits. Leaching of fertilizer ions in a kaolinitic ultisol in the high rainfall tropics: leaching of nitrate in field plots under cropping and bare fallow. Hence, there was a trend of increasing defence (although not in leaf toughness) and declining nutritional quality towards the tropics. In contrast to humid tropics, the sub-humid and semi-arid tropics receive less rainfall and are characterized by rain-free periods of significant, but varying durations. Despite the lower amounts of annual rainfall, significant soil erosion occurs in the sub-humid and semi-arid tropics as well. On the other hand, in the subhumid and semi-arid tropics, there is considerable scope to incorporate trees into existing annual cropping systems. Rain forests in the tropics are rapidly undergoing clear-felling, and either being replanted with commercial monocultures or being converted to different landuses. Biological invasions in the tropics: hypotheses versus reality. Today, most smallholder farming systems of the tropics do not show credible indications of being able to successfully integrate into the liberalized economies. In addition, some soils of the subhumid tropics can also experience water logging during the major rainy season. On the one hand, the miners suffered very poor living conditions in the tropics. In the tropics the optimal male strategy involves devoting more effort to parenting and less to seeking mating opportunities. Many assumed that the great diversity of plants in the tropics produced a "pollen rain" that was equally diverse and thus too complex to interpret. The use of insecticides has been the major control strategy for cowpea and okra pests, especially in the tropics. In summary, time, space, resources, competition and predation, may play a part in explaining the biological diversity of the tropics. Of environmental arguments, attention is focused on those features of the environment that are peculiar to the tropics. There is growing inter national interest in the commercial use of genetic resources worldwide, especially those from the tropics. Despite gradual improvements in water supply and sanitation, shigellosis continues to be endemic among the disadvantaged populations living in the tropics. On this continent it appears that there are consistent increases in starvation resistance towards the tropics but opposing patterns for desiccation resistance. The effects of disturbances such as canopy gaps and logging in the tropics have been linked to spatial scale and soil type. In the tropics, temperature and moisture conditions are near the optimum for biological activity most of the time. From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning. The variability that exists in savanna properties close to forest edges elsewhere in the tropics means that these conclusions can be generalized only cautiously. The effects of seasonal drought on background canopy-gap disturbance in the tropics are expected to be substantially compounded by the effects of major disturbances. Seasonality of caching behaviour has not been widely explored in the tropics. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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