| 词汇 | example_english_trophic-level |
| 释义 | Examples of trophic levelThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. On feeding on more than one trophiclevel. Dotted lines indicate estimated trophic levels, assuming a trophiclevel fractionation of 3.4 units. An additional trophiclevel might include birds, which prey on snakes, but these were not sampled in this study. However, an additional trophiclevel may exist which includes medium-sized mammals preying on snakes. However, these studies did not measure the effects of nitrogen on the third trophiclevel, the parasitoid. The distribution of spiders may be less affected by the distribution of plant species, because they are one trophiclevel further away from the defence chemicals of plants. This is crucial because the effects of these resistance factors are also likely to be manifested in the third trophiclevel, that is, on natural enemies. The aim of the present study is to quantify levels of diversification of an endemic snail fauna that represents one of the major components of the metazoan consumer trophiclevel. Because of its trophiclevel position, the golden topminow also has a wide array of predators that feed on smaller, surface feeding vertebrates. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, determining the trophiclevel of some plankton is not straightforward. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The article establishes the importance of the mean trophiclevel of fisheries as a tool for measuring the health of ocean ecosystems. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The biodiversity of the phytoplankton is poor and its biomass is low, thus the lake's trophiclevel ranges from oligotrophic to mesotrophic. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. There is also pyramid of numbers which represent the number of organisms in each trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. For example, all birds have beaks and skeletons, which despite having mass are not eaten by the next trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Since animals are higher on the trophiclevel, they are less efficient sources of food energy. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The trophiclevel is equal to one more than the chain length, which is the number of links connecting to the base. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Usually relative species abundances are described for a single trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A 2010 report showed that of all the measured lakes it had the highest trophiclevel index, a measurement of the amount of pollutants. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. A greater variety of species at a higher trophiclevel are exploited in the sea than on land. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Apex predators, such as orcas, which can consume seals, and shortfin mako sharks, which can consume swordfish, make up the fifth trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Certain isotopes can signify distinct primary producers forming the bases of food webs and trophiclevel positioning. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The trophiclevel of fishes usually increases with their size, and fishing tends to selectively capture the larger fishes. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Poikilotherms at the same trophiclevel often have much shorter generations than homeotherms: weeks rather than years. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Apex predator species occupy the highest trophiclevel(s) and have a crucial role in maintaining the health of their ecosystems. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. One study of marine food webs defined apex predators as greater than trophiclevel four. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Each trophiclevel contains unrelated species that are grouped together because they share common ecological functions, giving a macroscopic view of the system. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Depletion of top predators releases their prey from consumer control and leads to population declines of the next lower trophiclevel, often the primary producers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The number of steps an organism is from the start of the chain is a measure of its trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Energy flow diagrams illustrate the rates and efficiency of transfer from one trophiclevel into another and up through the hierarchy. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Depending on the tissue being examined, there tends to be an increase of 3-4 at each trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The fourth trophiclevel consists of predatory fish, marine mammals and seabirds that consume forage fish. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The phrase, trophiclevel, refers to the different levels or steps in the energy pathway. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Therefore, competition for prey among toothfish and these other mesopredators (middle trophiclevel predators) could be very important. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The trophiclevel of a fish is the position it occupies on the food chain. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Wild salmon require about 10 kg of forage fish to produce a kg of salmon, as part of the normal trophiclevel energy transfer. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. At the lowest trophiclevel (the bottom of the food chain), plants convert about 1% of the sunlight they receive into chemical energy. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. But these trophic levels are not always simple integers, because organisms often feed at more than one trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Golden eagles eat foxes at the third trophiclevel, so they are tertiary consumers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This means they really belong to the third trophiclevel, secondary consumers, along with the forage fish. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Foxes eat rabbits at the second trophiclevel, so they are secondary consumers. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Thus, the net production at one trophiclevel is or approximately ten percent that of the trophiclevel before it. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. When energy is transferred from one trophiclevel to the next, typically only ten percent is used to build new biomass. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Another example widely studied in aquatic and marine systems is trophiclevel decline in food webs. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Likewise, large algal blooms can cause biodilution to occur, which is a decrease in the concentration of a pollutant with an increase in trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Mesopredators are middle trophiclevel predators such as raccoons, skunks, snakes, cownose rays, and small sharks. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Predators and parasitoids were also found, showing an additional trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Gulper life strategy is also consistent with their trophiclevel and place in the deepwater community. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The most common infaunal species, often representing the top trophiclevel of the infaunal ecosystem, are many species of mosquito larvae. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, the intermediate trophiclevel is only represented by one or two species. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. One problem with biomass pyramids is that they can make a trophiclevel appear to contain more energy than it actually does. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As well as the organisms in the food chains there is the problem of assigning the decomposers and detritivores to a particular trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Fisheries catches, at least to begin with, will tend to increase as the trophiclevel declines. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Because such species occupy the same trophiclevel they will potentially or actually compete for similar resources. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The efficiency with which energy or biomass is transferred from one trophiclevel to the next is called the ecological efficiency. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The feeding habits of a juvenile animal, and, as a consequence, its trophiclevel, can change as it grows up. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is the case that the biomass of each trophiclevel decreases from the base of the chain to the top. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. N tends to increase with trophiclevel, such that herbivores have higher nitrogen isotope values than plants, and carnivores have higher nitrogen isotope values than herbivores. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Ecological pyramids are graphical representations, along the lines of the diagram at the right, which show how biomass or productivity changes at each trophiclevel in an ecosystem. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As a generalized trophiclevel consumers feed on all forms of organisms, and more specifically there are types of consumers by instinct or choice (herbivores, vegetarians, omnivores). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Experimental test in lowland tropical forest shows top-down effects through four trophic levels. This is one potential distinction from the age-old practice of aquatic polyculture, which could simply be the co-culture of different fish species from the same trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The species-area relationship is usually constructed for a single type of organism, such as all vascular plants or all species of a specific trophiclevel within a particular site. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This suggests that productivity and energy flow do not significantly affect the number of trophic levels. Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial litter inputs. Presumably, such fluctuations are translated into higher trophic levels as well, albeit more weakly. Higher trophic levels may also mediate the effect of propagule pressure. An "ecological pyramid of biomass" shows the relationship between biomass and trophiclevel by quantifying the biomass present at each trophiclevel of an ecological community at a particular time. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These high trophiclevel oceanodromous species undertake migrations of significant but variable distances across oceans for feeding, often on forage fish, or reproduction, and also have wide geographic distributions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The relationship between ecosystem characteristics and the number of trophic levels has been the subject of controversy. When the plants are consumed by animal, about 10% of the energy in the food is fixed into animal flesh which is available for next trophiclevel (carnivores). From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The length of the chain, or trophiclevel, is a measure of the number of species encountered as energy or nutrients move from plants to top predators. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. The interaction of the two avifaunas may be connected to the population dynamics of organisms at lower trophic levels in tropical areas. An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid or energy pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or biomass productivity at each trophiclevel in a given ecosystem. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Standardized diet composition and trophic levels of sharks. Real systems are much more complex than thisorganisms will generally feed on more than one form of food, and may feed at more than one trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. It is characterized by declines in the biomass of large predator fish, declines in the diversity, size and trophiclevel of captured fish, and declines in the benthos. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These are high trophiclevel species which undertake migrations of significant but variable distances across oceans for feeding, often on forage fish, or reproduction, and also have wide geographic distributions. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Presumably, the number of trophic levels is limited due t o t he low energy-use efficiency of consumers in detrital systems rather than by productivity. Each of these constitutes a trophiclevel. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Consequently, nearly all plankton exhibit signs of apparent competition, in that production at one trophiclevel impacts all others by increasing clam abundance. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Using freshwater systems as an example, they note that pelagic food webs possess 1-2 extra trophic levels compared to terrestrial webs. Each trophiclevel transforms energy into biomass. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Experimental manipulations in lowland tropical forest demonstrate top-down cascades through four trophic levels. At all trophic levels there are components of both the marine and freshwater fauna living side by side, the proportion of marine species decreasing towards the north. An interesting question is whether such specialization is also observable among animals, because these represent higher trophic levels and are, therefore, not directly dependent on local soil conditions. Species diversity in the third and fourth trophic levels: patterns and mechanisms. The findings from this study imply that the loss of amphibians and other species of higher trophic levels may affect nutrient cycling rates in tropical forests. In addition, higher trophic levels such as carnivorous birds and mammals (for instance otters), not included in our study, will be affected by the loss of this source of prey. The resource limitation of trophic levels in tropical grassland ecosystems. The energy converted through photosynthesis is carried through the trophic levels of an ecosystem as organisms consume members of lower trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This allows kelp to grow and subsequently support herbivores, which in turn support consumers at higher trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Conversely, they are a central prey item or forage fish for higher trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. However, predators can also influence the structure of lower trophic levels from the top-down. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Although energy flows between trophic levels is an elementary part of life, modern day industrial practices impacts the environment, prompting greater threats to sustainability. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. As a consequence, metals can accumulate in the tissue of benthic organisms and their predators at higher trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. This feeding provides a critical link within the global carbon cycle, linking trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Protozoa exist throughout aqueous environments and soil, occupying a range of trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. They shine when they detect a predator, possibly making the predator itself more vulnerable by attracting the attention of predators from higher trophic levels. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. Lower trophic levels include all prey items (see above), and may fluctuate inversely with octopus abundance. From Wikipedia This example is from Wikipedia and may be reused under a CC BY-SA license. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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