| 词汇 | example_english_trade-openness |
| 释义 | trade opennesscollocation in Englishmeanings of tradeand opennessThese words are often used together. Click on the links below to explore the meanings. Or, see other collocations with openness or trade. trade adjective uk /treɪd/ us /treɪd/ publishingspecialized used to refer to the publishing of books, etc. that are aimed at the ... See more at trade openness noun[U] uk /ˈəʊ.pən.nəs/ us /ˈoʊ.pən.nəs/ honesty: See more at openness Examples of trade opennessThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Globalisation, as reflected in tradeopenness, tends to depress the increase in spending in particular cases, but has no strong effect overall. Population ageing is the most powerful explanation, followed by tradeopenness and federalisation. It is worth noting that the same negative association emerges for tradeopenness, which represents a strong rejection of the compensation hypothesis. None of these factors has altered their relative leading position in inflation control, tradeopenness and investment. Globalization is measured by four indicators: tradeopenness, foreign direct investment inflows, portfolio investment inflows and the spread of democratic ideas. Their findings suggest a positive relationship between stringency of environmental regulations and tradeopenness. At the same time, the coefficient of tradeopenness does not support the compensation hypothesis. The effect of tradeopenness is constant over time while the negative effect of portfolio investment strengthens. The contribution of tradeopenness is a result of the particular circumstances of these three countries. The effect of tradeopenness is constant over time while the negative effect of portfolio investment inflows strengthens. A positive sign of the coefficient of tradeopenness would give support to the validity of the compensation hypothesis. The coefficients of tradeopenness and capital openness are again negatively associated to government expenditures and are therefore robust to this alternative treatment. Furthermore, the coefficient of tradeopenness is again negatively associated to government expenditures, denying support to the compensation hypothesis. As a second example, one might consider the putatively causal relationship between tradeopenness and welfare state development. We find that tradeopenness and portfolio investment inflows negatively affect democracy. We find that tradeopenness and portfolio investment inflows exert a negative effect on democracy. Most of this debate has however focused on one dimension of openness, namely tradeopenness. Researchers have often included additional variables such as income inequality, population density, political measures, and tradeopenness in their reduced form equations to provide additional explanatory power. The effects of four national aspects of globalization on democracy are examined: tradeopenness, foreign direct investment inflows, portfolio investment inflows and the spread of democratic ideas across countries. On the contrary, the extension of the efficiency hypothesis to the relation between tradeopenness and government size is thought to be a more likely outcome. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Want to learn more? Go to the definition of trade Go to the definition of openness See other collocations with openness See other collocations with trade |
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