Examples of toxic

Example from the Hansard archive. Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0
In addition, reconstituted samples are often toxic for cells, which makes these samples unsuitable for virus neutralization assays.
However, their toxic effect upon early procaryote cells is not well determined.
Quantitative model demonstrating that recombinant adeno-associated virus and green fluorescent protein are non-toxic to the rat retina.
Post-mortem evidence of a diffuse toxic or infectious process is pleural effusions, soft tissue oedema and necrosis at the injection site.
Goats fed tannin-containing leaves do not exhibit toxic syndromes.
Furthermore, much of today's environmental disruption, loss of biodiversity, release of toxic substances, and climate change is traceable to humanity's environmentally incompetent, short-range-focused agricultural enterprise.
In addition, there is the ever-present risk of unintentional exposures of populations to toxic chemicals and pathogens through industrial accidents and food contamination.
Protecting the consumer: the development of animal tests for evaluating toxic hazards.
Emphasis is placed on small molecules that inhibit protein aggregation, upregulate molecular chaperones, or interfere with downstream toxic pathways.
Such dramatic responses to aphid feeding are unusual and probably indicate the involvement of toxic aphid saliva or hypersensitive reactions of the cypress trees.
In the present study, the metals chosen (copper, zinc, manganese and iron) are all essential for normal molluscan metabolism but are toxic at high concentrations.
Many were too toxic; others (such as the school's controversial steam-heating plant) too politically hot.
Excessive use of crop protection chemicals may also prove toxic to invertebrate populations, thus decreasing abundance and diversity11,12,14,20.
Most substances found to be toxic to digeneans are not regarded as pollutant risks.
Manipulation of ions must be achieved by dialysis of both cytoplasms via the patch pipettes, and not be toxic to the cells.
The most toxic drugs were desipramine and amoxapine, but these were prescribed relatively infrequently and thus did not contribute significantly to total deaths.
At a median follow-up of 2 years, no treatment-induced, late toxic effects have been seen, neither cognitive deficits nor hematologic malignancies.
Alternatively the symptoms could be due to a toxic reaction, now called 'organic dust toxic syndrome' caused by exposure to an organism 'thermophilic actinomycetes'.
Therapeutic doses of topiramate are not toxic to the developing rat brain.
The precise identification of a subgroup within this cohort that would benefit from less-toxic endocrine therapies would be a significant benefit to breast cancer patients.
A non-toxic, nonadsorptive conservative bulk fluid dye was used to capture images of flow channels in the biofilm/porous media matrix.
All three toxic effluents are complementary to each other, so are the three bio-accumulative effluents and so are air pollutants too.
In either case the toxic or radioactive waste is trapped in the solid, preventing it from leaching into the local water table.
Parents were excluded if they had chronic alcoholism, drug addiction, brain trauma, or psychoses of toxic origin.
Again, as before, the trend is towards less treatment might be as effective, and less toxic than full breast radiation.
To investigate the biological and toxic effects of perioperative therapy.
Does the expansion result in a new and toxic property, or does it interfere with normal protein function?
When present in high concentrations, cytokines and chemokines can have toxic or even lethal effects.
Moreover, male fitness appears to decline in the toxic treatments relative to the controls (albeit not statistically significantly).
They add warming and cooling, and sometimes highly toxic matter to the air.
Smoking is toxic to the vascular endothelium through the production of free radicals and thus increased oxidative stress.
Most etiological theories suggest that the disorder develops from some combination of biological or temperamental predisposition and a toxic family environment.
Thirty years ago it was thought for a while that, far from being behaviourally toxic, glutamic acid could possibly enhance intelligence.
Investigations of behavioural toxicity are considered together with their implications for further improvement of behavioural methods for the early detection of toxic effects of pollutants.
As it transpired, the toxic effects of thalidomide very soon became evident, first of all in reported cases of polyneuritis.
The measurements of the radiolabelled agents are extremely precise, even at very low concentrations, thus small non-toxic amounts of the compound can be given.
Commercial oats are often contaminated with wheat due to crop rotation, although oats prolamins are less toxic.
However, there remains much controversy about the absolute benefits of this toxic regimen.
Both minor and major toxic events produced a one-time cost increase and quality-of-life reduction.
A counter-argument to this hypothesis is that what is toxic to mammals is not necessarily toxic to invertebrates.
Many of these substances, after their increased accumulation in the cytoplasm, can have a toxic influence on the cell metabolism.
Almost all of these reductions occur in highly toxic chemicals, with concomitant positive effects for the environment.
The mutant monomeric proteins might exist in two sets of conformations: a properly folded nontoxic species and an aggregate-prone toxic form(s).
There are the many toxic hazards associated mainly with the chemical industry.
The health hazards from toxic waste and the pollution of drinking water are borne mostly by women and their children.
In the patient the enzyme efficiently converts the prodrug ganciclovir to a substance that is toxic only to replicating malignant cells.
Empowerment, informed consent and self care strategies can be integrated alongside the need for narrow compliance with purely physical, often highly toxic, treatments.
The label on the bottle was a warning about the toxic effects of the drug.
The table presents the number of adults of each genotype emerging from toxic and control treatments.
If a particular genotype improves resistance, it will occur more frequently in toxic than in control treatments.
Following administration of the otherwise nontoxic (or minimally toxic) prodrug, this is converted to an active, toxic metabolite in transduced cells.
Another limitation of inhibiting fibril formation is that this strategy may lead to a build-up of toxic oligomers or protofibrils.
First, inhibition of early misfolding precludes a build-up of toxic oligomers or protofibrils.
The other issue is how entry into the nucleus might prove toxic.
The aggregation behaviour of some proteins is influenced by phosphorylation, and kinases and phosphatases that promote the formation of toxic aggregates are potential therapeutic targets.
Indeed, many of the current surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment are highly toxic, and the risk of life-threatening outcomes is real.
The toxic dense cloud that resulted from that release moved through the town causing the death of at least 2500 people.
The buildup of the former is toxic to the developing nervous system.
In different disorders these changes may result in an abnormal (or even toxic) gain of function or lead to dominant negative effects.
With physiological suppression, however, older endoparasitoids often have the advantage of eliminating younger competitors through toxic secretions, anoxia or nutrient deprivation.
However, caution in prescribing potentially toxic antidepressants to distressed nurses at risk is clearly important.
The toxic character of heavier metal ions probably reflects this fact.
If such a mutant was extremely toxic, the circumstantial case would be considerably stronger.
Aggresomes protect cells by enhancing the degradation of toxic polyglutamine-containing protein.
Perhaps the quantity of a particularly toxic form of amyloid fibril is a more significant variable than the total quantity of fibrils.
Such toxic effects of plasma appear limited to trematodes that penetrate snails that are only distantly related to their normal host species.
To determine if antibiotics were specifically toxic to trophonts, anti-trophont activity was assessed by inoculating replicate wells with 35 dinospores.
Although potentially toxic it can be particularly useful in older patients both for the acute attack and when establishing a patient on allopurinol.
Due to the enormous uptake capacity of parasites for metals, it is conceivable that pollutant levels in the host are reduced below toxic threshold levels.
The pathological effects of inhaling dusts and toxic vapours have been mentioned briefly.
Changes in behaviour can be among the most sensitive indicators of toxic effects.
The example of thalidomide, which was prescribed for its central sedative action, and which proved a toxic agent to the nervous system, remains in evidence.
There is now a better theory about what things are, in fact, toxic.
Nevertheless, of all metals tested, and irrespective of experimental conditions, mercury appears to be the most toxic to cercariae.
They suggested a mechanism called autointoxication whereby bacteria and their toxic products were absorbed into the body causing disease.
Studies on the toxic action of pollutants to miracidia have, in comparison to studies on cercariae, been limited.
A distinction should be made between venomous organisms (those that actively secrete toxic components) and those that contain toxins (toxic components present in biological tissues).
However, at high concentrations it is toxic to the parasite.
In this way, the toxin is more selective and there is less systemic exposure to the toxic agent.
In addition, the purest fetuin was shown to be toxic for hamster oocyte maturation in vitro.
We also investigated whether salts caused toxic effects before or after radicle emergence.
Experimentally induced toxic effects on structure and function of visual cells and pigment epithelium.
In this way the system is self-regulating, with delivery of the toxic pollutant to the microorganisms being 'driven' by cellular demand.
There have been extensive studies on survival of cercariae exposed to toxic pollutants.
Moreover, the toxic:therapeutic ratio of deferiprone is reportedly low; doses of 100 mg/kg/day have resulted in bone marrow toxicity in animals and humans.
Such a test should be considered insufficiently sensitive to detect toxic effects on growth or reproduction of substantial magnitude.
Also, there is less chance of detecting slugs of toxic wastes, or other temporal variations in waste properties.
Because oxygen is so reactive, it is potentially extremely toxic.
The full name of dioxin, as we all know now, is" dioxin- the most toxic substance known to man".
One particularly toxic cleaner found in the kitchen is dish-washer powder.
More research on the presence, toxic effects and removal of cyanotoxins is needed and ongoing.
Without adding state-level fixed effects, there is a clear negative relationship between annual per capita income and annual per capita air toxic emissions.
Based on farm survey data, it is shown that the technology reduces application rates of toxic chemicals by 50 per cent, while significantly increasing yields.
The first one is the co-ordination of environmental programs targeting subgroups of pollutants (for example, toxic, bio-accumulative, air criteria pollutants).
The timing (gestational or postnatal) of potentially toxic exposures determines the possible developmental consequences.
Application of sound science embodies, whenever possible, the incorporation of mechanistic considerations, that is, how the chemical produces a toxic effect.
Additionally, epigenetic codes are more vulnerable to environmental influences, which may explain how the environment and exposure to toxic chemicals affects disease susceptibility.
Furthermore, the toxic side-effects of the immunosuppressive drugs have been reduced.
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