| 词汇 | example_english_switch |
| 释义 | Examples of switchThese examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Bilingual language switching in naming: asymmetrical costs of language selection. Language switching in bilinguals as a function of stimulus and response uncertainty. The next three columns give times for the situation with one of e, g, p switches off (relative to the default case). Decreasing these levels and increasing the bandwidth of the feedback controller will increase valve switching and consequently pneumatic energy consumption. A single button press switches to a different system configuration, enabling rapid comparisons between patches. Can such switches be attributed to strategic calculations? We searched for interaction efforts between modules; the flexible frame switches naturally, without actuating it. Simulations of the adaptive belief system give rise to endogenous switches between forecasts at intervals of varying length. Immediately after switching on the neutral beam, fast particles exist mainly in the passing region. Negative autocorrelation in long-run stock market returns means that longterm investors could engage in profitable market timing by switching between equities and bonds. The matrix mixer is operated by a technician who must follow very precise instructions in the score for switching audio connections during performance. Thus, an increase in 0 raises the fixed costs of learning and discourages switching. Therefore, we modify the designed discontinuous time optimal control around the switching instants to decrease the influence of the discontinuities. We see that the optimal policy is switching between stations 1 and 2 three times, so it is not characterized by a single switching curve. Varying combinations of muscle groups were stimulated and foot switches were used to trigger each channel at the appropriate period of the gait cycle. However, a single syntactic processor can accomplish self-monitoring by switching between encoding and decoding modes ("timesharing"). Here, path-dependence is based on switching between multiple equilibria when extreme trigger values are passed. Moreover, in only one instance is it immediately apparent that switching was in the direction of party influence over the ballot. What can also complicate the task of exiting a relationship are the costs of switching resources to another relationship. However, that does not mean there has been no evolutionary feedback from niche construction: it merely switches the evolutionary responses to the cultural domain. Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria. The party preference equation represents the selection process that determined which respondents were asked the strategic party switching question. The observed population outbreaks and subsequent crashes correspond, essentially, to the aphid population switching rapidly from one locally stable manifold to another. Generally, switching is only possible when an employee moves to an employer connected to a different pension fund. Each input feature can be switched on or off and ranked (by weighting) to provide different levels of control and influence. Three different var gene switching mechanisms are investigated and are based on experimental observations of clonal antigenic variation in malaria parasites. The observed variability in this case is evidence of (sociolinguistic context determined) switching between the various grammars. Improving stability came through the consolidation of power within a smaller number of political parties, and disallowing politicians from switching parties at will. The boundary of the switches may be a clause, or some peripheral element such as a discourse marker or tag form. The long-horizon series settles to a switching process between the high and low prices because it should be in equilibrium. If a lower pay-off is obtained, the player switches to the strategy previously prevailing after a few trials resulting in a lower average pay-off. In 1991, 54 % of large plans had switched to the projected unit credit approach, with only 31 % using the entry age normal method. Rather than having a firm principled preference, the same sector switches its preferences between fiscal stimulus and structural reform, depending on business cycles. The third type of switches includes those related directly to health state and to the level of expected medical expenditure. However, when switching to oral methadone, it is safer to assume that bioavailability will be high and oral dose is equivalent to parenteral. High psychological cost of brand switching coupled with clinical trials by all players, enhances the first mover advantage. As we saw in the bivariate analysis, switching sickness funds is an inferior good. In this pressure regime the turbomolecular pump is switched off and the system operates with the pre-pump only. Finally, switching behavior is important for risk adjustment. From societal perspective, and from risk-adjustment point of view, the third type of switches is the most interesting one. Rapid camera switching enables an average of 50 data points per camera to be collected for each field. The time from the first beam on to the last beam switching off was measured in addition to the overall treatment time. Most pension funds have found a solution by switching to an average-wage plan with solvency-contingent indexation and contributions. Most pension funds switched to an average-wage plan with solvency-contingent indexation. In a vertical tube, the interaction efforts are not without effect on the switching speed of the module. The square wave is used to test the switching ability as well as the stability and dynamic characteristics of the system. Many mobile robots have used whiskers as simple switches to warn of an imminent collision. If this passive trajectory would be the desired trajectory, no valve switching would be necessary if the compliance and initial conditions where the same. The magnitude of the contact forces depends on the type of mechanical switches. In these studies the target was first presented an initial position of the target which was then switched to a new location. The frame has supports to mount the joint-limiting switches that will operate in case the motor comes close to an extreme position. Tillage systems remained the same except that the intertill system was switched to fall disk in 1998. However, on other occasions the nature of the relationship will lead to one party incurring greater asset-specific investments and switching costs than the other. The rate of switching between variable antigens per unit of time must be greater than the rate of immune clearance per unit of time. We start from the initial equilibrium and heating is applied during a given heating time interval, after which the heating is switched off. The switching logic depends on sensor information about the fully unknown robot environment. I will use the term in both senses, switching to the specific terms only when the occasion warrants it. The cost of switching is described as asymmetrical, as switching to the suppressed language in unbalanced bilinguals takes longer. As they put it, metaphorical switches "allow for the enactment of two or more different relationships among the same set of individuals" (1972:425). In such a case, the cost of switching technologies is simply increased with respect to the benchmark model. Adoption is shown to depend on the growth advantage of switching net of obsolescence and learning fixed costs. Thus, these spectrograms document that timbral variation occurs when switching from normal phonation to open-like sonorities produced according to the principles of this model. The grey line across the pitch envelope indicates the pitch value at which the hole switches from closed to open. Movement sensors and controls such as activation switches could create a similar level of interactivity for an audience in a real-world installation. The aggregation procedure is based on heterogeneous firms each with a microeconomic noncontinuous market entry/exit switching behavior. Nonetheless, in their interactions, there are also instances of other kinds of rhetorical and more or less strategic switches to the dialect. There was no apparent loss of infections or species switches. In steps of 2 s, each one of the four asterisks switches to a different position. The external beam is switched off once the ion temperature reaches a cer tain value. After that, he switches back to using past tense forms to finish his story. Only a few self-corrections (4 %) switched between two partially correct responses. The final three chapters of the book then change direction somewhat, switching away from models for perception and towards models for choosing actions. Language switching in bilingual speakers is a clear example of a task in which response switching is required. Thus, at least for this target it was clear that language switching did not make the late selection of the homograph's appropriate interpretation less efficient. Despite the adherence to (19), the code switches in (21) are strongly deviant. The question in this experiment was whether the orientation illusion would affect the threshold at which participants switched from one posture to another. However, contact linguists must disagree about switching costs at all even though they are aware that psycholinguists deal in milliseconds. Switching on occurs at a higher level of autoinducer than switching off (hysteresis). Second, feature mismatches block switches, unless there is almost complete congruence of features in mixed constituents. Among housewives, in particular, could be found the type of radio listener who listened a lot but inattentively, who hardly ever switched off the radio. Because of that, the other family members switched the language when addressing them. Table 6 therefore contains the rate of both completed and incompleted switches. In the case of adjacent switches, it is appropriate to look at pairs of adjacent positions. To account for the high frequency of adjacent switches, it has to be assumed that adjacent units are more strongly activated than nonadjacent ones. The energy ladder model envisions a three-stage fuel switching process. One particularly promising approach is to pit pathogen against host to see which genes are switched on. In the case when design decisions were made probabilistically, the effects of the domain heuristics on the run time completely switched, significantly decreasing run time. Later, in a synchronized manner, the pattern switches to a mainly branching one with some handedness. Mahootian observed that in code switching contexts the language of the verb determines the placement of the object, as she illustrates with. The results demonstrate that speakers accepted switching across the subject/predicate boundary (in both directions), as predicted. Such an outcome supports the view that language switching involves an inhibitory process. The switching involves more than splitting, which is present in everyone, and more than a general negativity bias. Incorporating different rates of tax helps us determine the switching point of the plants for these optimal choices. The references to (75a and b) have of course been inadvertently switched; but this is a minor detail. The c-director switches so that is equal to throughout most of the cell. Note that irregular timesteps are chosen, as most of the deformation takes place soon after switching on the flow. One may argue that if switching to these options means net profits why the vehicle owners do not go for these. If such costs are much less than the price of delivered coal, then the net marginal cost of switching would be smaller. In particular, the effects of switching from the current regionally heterogeneous increasing block water pricing system to a regionally homogeneous uniform pricing one are investigated. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. |
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